Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 6
Financial
Financial Statement
Statement
Analysis
Analysis
6-2
Financial
Statement Analysis
Financial
A
Statements
Common-Size
6-3
Ratio
Analysis
Trend
Analysis
Financial Statements
6-4
Balance
Balance Sheet.
Sheet.
Income
Income Statement
Statement
Statement
Statement of
of
Changes
Changes in
in
Equity
Equity
Cash
Cash Flow
Flow
Statement
Statement
Notes to the
Accounts
The
The Balance
Balance Sheet
Sheet
describes
describes aa
companys
companys
financial
financial position
position
on
on aa particular
particular day
day
6-5
Current
Previous
6-9
6-10
Depreciation
SLMnnn
or DBM
Bondholders
Shareholders
-- Focus on the
profitability and long-term health of
the firm.
6-11
Supplires
Employees
6-12
6-13
Framework for
Financial Analysis
Trend / Seasonal Component
Framework for
Financial Analysis
Health of a Firm
1. Analysis of the funds
needs of the firm.
2. Analysis of the financial
condition and profitability
of the firm.
6-15
Financial Ratios
1.
2.
3.
4.
Individually
Over time
In combination
In comparison
Framework for
Financial Analysis
6-16
Framework for
Financial Analysis
6-17
Determining
the
financing
needs of
the firm.
A Financial
Manager
must
consider all
three jointly
when
determining
the
financing
needs of the
firm.
Framework for
Financial Analysis
6-18
Determining
the
financing
needs of
the firm.
Negotiations
with
suppliers of
capital.
6-20
Basket Wonders
Income Statement
Basket Wonders Statement of Earnings (in thousands)
for Year Ending December 31, 2010a
Net Sales
$ 2,211 Cost of
Goods Sold b 1,599
Gross Profit $
612 SG&A
Expenses c
402
EBITd
$
210
Interest Expensee
59
EBT f $
151 Income
Taxes
60 EATg
$
91 Cash Dividends
38 Increase in RE
$
53
6-23
a. Measures profitability
over a time period.
b. Received, or receivable,
from customers.
c. Sales comm., adv.,
officers salaries, etc.
d. Operating income.
e. Cost of borrowed funds.
f. Taxable income.
g. Amount earned for
shareholders.
Financial Statement
Analysis
Step 2
6-24
Common-size Analysis
An analysis of percentage
financial statements where all
balance sheet items are divided
by total assets and all income
statement items are divided by
net sales or revenues.
6-25
6-26
6-27
6-28
Index Analyses
An analysis of percentage financial
statements where all balance sheet
or income statement figures for a
base year equal 100.0 (percent) and
subsequent financial statement
items are expressed as percentages
of their values in the base year.
6-29
Basket Wonders
Indexed Balance Sheets
6-30
Basket Wonders
Indexed Balance Sheets
6-31
6-32
The most
important tool of all
STEP
STEP 33
The
TheRatio
RatioAnalysis.
Analysis.
6-33
Types of
Comparisons
Internal
Comparisons
External
Comparisons
Examples:
Robert Morris
Associates
Dun & Bradstreet
Standard and
Poors (S&P)
Credit Rating
Agencies
International
6-36
6-37
BW
Industry
2010
$695
$625
2009
687
608
2008
555
585
Liquidity Ratios
Balance Sheet Ratios
Current Ratio
Liquidity Ratios
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Liquidity Ratio
Comparisons
Current Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
2010
2.39
2.15
2009
2.26
2.09
2008
1.91
2.01
6-42
Liquidity Ratios
Balance Sheet Ratios
Acid-Test (Quick)
Liquidity Ratios
Shows a firms
ability to meet
current liabilities
with its most liquid
assets.
6-43
Liquidity Ratio
Comparisons
Acid-Test Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
2010
1.00
1.25
2009
1.04
1.23
2008
1.11
1.25
Acid-Test
Acid-Test Ratio
Ratio --- Trend
Trend
Analysis
Analysis Comparison
Comparison
6-45
Industry
2.15
1.25
6-46
6-47
Debt-to-Equity
Total Debt
Shareholders Equity
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
$1,030 = 0.90:1
$1,139
Financial Leverage
Ratio Comparisons
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
6-49
Year
BW
Industry
2010
.90
.90
2009
.88
.90
2008
.81
.89
Debt-to-Total-Assets
Total Debt
Total Assets
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
$1,030 = 0 .47 : 1
$2,169
Financial Leverage
Ratio Comparisons
Debt-to-Total-Asset Ratio
6-51
Year
BW
Industry
2010
.47
.47
2009
.47
.47
2008
.45
.47
Total Capitalization
Financial Leverage
Ratios
Total Debt
Total Capitalization
$1,030 = .62:1
$1,669
Financial Leverage
Ratio Comparisons
Total Capitalization Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
2010
.62
.60
2009
.62
.61
2008
.67
.62
Coverage Ratios
Income Statement
Ratios
Coverage Ratios
Indicates a firms
ability to cover
interest charges.
6-54
Interest Coverage
EBIT
Interest Charges
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
$210 = 3.56 times
$59
Coverage
Ratio Comparisons
Interest Coverage Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
2010
3.56
5.19
2009
4.35
5.02
2008
10.30
4.66
6-56
6-57
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Indicates quality of
receivables and how
successful the firm is in
its collections.
6-58
Receivable Turnover
(Assume all sales are credit sales.)
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
365
5.61
= 65 days
Activity
Activity
Ratio
Ratio Comparisons
Comparisons
Average Collection Period in days
Year
BW
Industry
2010
65.0
65.7
2009
71.1
66.3
2008
83.6
69.2
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Indicates the
promptness of payment
to suppliers by the firm.
6-61
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Average number of days
that payables are
outstanding.
6-62
PT in Days
Days in the Year
Payable Turnover
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
365
16.5
= 22.1 days
Activity
Ratio Comparisons
Payable Turnover in Days
Year
BW
Industry
2010
22.1
46.7
2009
25.4
51.1
2008
43.5
48.5
Is this good?
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Indicates the
effectiveness of the
inventory management
practices of the firm.
6-64
Inventory Turnover
Cost of Goods Sold
Closing Inventory
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
$1,599 = 2.30 Times
$696
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Average number of days
that payables are
outstanding.
6-65
= 158.69 days
Activity
Ratio Comparisons
Inventory Turnover in Days
Year
BW
Industry
2010
2009
158.69
149.59
111.59
97.07
2008
138.25
98.91
Is this good?
6-67
Activity Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Activity Ratios
Indicates the overall
effectiveness of the firm
in utilizing its assets to
generate sales.
6-68
Activity
Activity
Ratio
Ratio Comparisons
Comparisons
Total Asset Turnover Ratio
Year
BW
Industry
2010
1.02
1.17
2009
1.03
1.14
2008
1.01
1.13
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Indicates the efficiency
of operations and firm
pricing policies.
6-70
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Gross Profit Margin
Year
BW
Industry
2010
27.7%
31.1%
2009
28.7
30.8
2008
31.3
27.6
Gross
Gross Profit
Profit Margin
Margin --Trend
Trend Analysis
Analysis Comparison
Comparison
6-72
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Indicates the firms
profitability after taking
account of all expenses
and income taxes.
6-73
X 100
= 4.1%
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Net Profit Margin
Year
BW
Industry
2010
4.1%
8.2%
2009
4.9
8.1
2008
9.0
7.6
6-75
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Indicates the profitability
on the assets of the firm
(after all expenses and
taxes).
6-76
Return on Investment
Net Profit after Taxes
Total Assets
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
$91 X100 = 4.2%
$2,160
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Return on Investment
Year
BW
Industry
2010
4.2%
9.8%
2009
5.0
9.1
2008
9.1
10.8
Return on Investment
Trend Analysis Comparison
6-78
Profitability Ratios
Income Statement /
Balance Sheet
Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Indicates the profitability
to the shareholders of
the firm (after all
expenses and taxes).
6-79
Return on Equity
Net Profit after Taxes
Shareholders Equity
For Basket Wonders
December 31, 2010
$91 X100 = 8%
$1,139
Profitability
Ratio Comparisons
Return on Equity
Year
BW
Industry
2010
8.0%
17.9%
2009
9.4
17.2
2008
16.6
20.4
6-81
ROI2010
ROE2010
6-84
6-85
Market Ratios
6-86
Quick Quiz
6-87
Quick Quiz
6-88
6-89