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But there are several situations where you may need to work
directly with elements:
Special types of surface loads, such as a pressure that is not
normal to the surface
Postprocessing of beams and element-specific data
Composite (layered) elements
Link and combination elements such as spars, springs, and
convection links
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Just like MAT (material), TYPE (element type), and REAL (real
constant set), the element c.s. is a fourth element attribute
called ESYS.
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I
X
Y
X
M
Y
Z
Yg
Zg
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The default ESYS is sufficient for most cases, but there are a
few situations where you might need to change it. Example:
The material property direction of a solid element, representing
fiberglass for example, may not be parallel to global Cartesian.
To orient tangential pressures applied on surface effect
elements.
X
Yg
Zg
Xg
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3. Modify the ESYS attribute of all selected elements to the local system
number defined in step 1.
Preprocessor > -Modeling- Move/Modify > -Elements- Modify Attrib
Or EMODIF command (e.g, emodif,all,esys,11)
4. Reactivate all elements and switch back to previous coordinate system
(CSYS).
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SURF151 & 153 are line elements (thermal and structural) meant
for edges of 2-D models.
SURF152 & 154 are area elements (thermal and structural) meant
for surfaces of 3-D models.
SURF154 as depicted in
the Elements Reference
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Faces 2 & 3:
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P1
Xg=0
Xg
Face 4:
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Face 4 (cont'd):
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P2 Xg P3 Yg P4 Z g
P22 P32 P42
Face 5
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Face 5 (cont'd):
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C. Element Table
The element table, available in POST1 (the general
postprocessor), serves two functions:
Performing arithmetic operations among results data
Accessing results data that are not directly available (such as for
certain line elements)
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
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...Element Table
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...Element Table
Select the desired elements
In most cases, you only need to use the element table for a
subset of the elements in the model.
Therefore, the first step is to select the desired elements:
by attributes (MAT, TYPE, REAL, or ESYS)
by their nodes
by attached solid modeling entities
by results
etc.
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...Element Table
Loading results data into the table
Identify the data item you want to load and assign a name (label)
to it. The label is used for listings, plots, and operations.
Use the ETABLE command (e.g, etable,evolume,volu)
Or Element Table > Define Table
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...Element Table
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...Element Table
Listing or plotting element table data
Element Table > List Elem Table (or PRETAB command)
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...Element Table
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...Element Table
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The default is to not average the data at the nodes, i.e, there is
one color per element. To get a smooth contour plot, activate
the averaging key.
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...Element Table
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Note that there is only one value per element for each of the data
items: the average or effective value for that element.
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...Element Table
Performing operations
Somewhat like a spreadsheet, you can do
arithmetic operations among the element
table columns.
Many operations are available:
Add two columns (SADD)
Multiply (SMULT)
Compare and store the maximum or
minimum of two columns (SMAX or SMIN)
Sum each column (SSUM useful for
calculating the total volume of the
selected set of elements
Etc.
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...Element Table
Example:
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...Element Table
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Use the *VGET command (or Utility Menu > Parameters > Get
Array Data)
Then use one of the array operations: *VOPER, *VSCFUN,
etc.
For example, statistical measures such as mean and
standard deviation cannot be calculated at the element table
level, but are available for array parameters.
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...Element Table
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...Element Table
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...Element Table
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...Element Table
Demo:
Bring up help for SURF154 and show the "Output Definitions" and "Item and
Sequence Numbers" tables. Note that P5EFF (effective pressure on face 5) is SMISC
17.
Store SMISC,17 as P5 in the element table, plot it with and without averaging, then list
it
Select everything, return to PREP7, and set KEYOPT(11)=2 for SURF154 (Options >
K11 = full area w/tan). This changes face 5 pressures to "full" area instead of
projected area.
Switch to Solution, type in ANTYPE,,RESTART (to continue with load step 2), and
solve.
In POST1, read in load step 2, then select TYPE 1 elements (SURF154s) and all nodes
attached to them
Store SMISC,17 as P5A in the element table. (Notice that P5 from the previous load
step still exists.)
List the element table P5A column should show all 1000s
Select everything and plot SY stresses, etc. Compare with load step 1 results.
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D. Workshop
This workshop consists of the following problem:
W3. Bolt Torque
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