basic

pneumatic system

GROUP : Asri
Ameer
Mahmod
Izzwan Zabidi
Meor Aidil

INTRODUCTION

Pneumatics has long played an important role as a

catalyst for technological achievements mechanical
work. It is also used in the development of automation
technology. Most of the use of compressed air used for
functions such as the following:
Ensure that the processor status (sensors)
Information processing (processors)
Motivate mover.
Doing the work.
The word is derived from a combination of pneumatic
classic greek word, which he "pneuma" means wind /
air while "matic" means the movement.

The combination of the word connotes control the movement by air.

In the industry, it refers to the use of an air compressor to transfer
energy and pengerakan.Pneumatik used to perform machining work
and work peroperasian.

Examples:
puncturing
rotate
cut out
grind
become golden
shape
Quality Control
Examples of its use are as in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2

Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

In such a system there are advantages and disadvantages must include

pneumatik.Perkara system is always prized in the election system more efficient,
especially in industry. Table 2.3 below shows the advantages and disadvantages
for the pneumatic system.

Strengths - Cheap because the air is not limited energy resources.

- Record chart and the air was not toxic.
- Compressed air can be transmitted over long
distances.
- Compressed air can be stored.
- Speed.
- Easy to control speed and movement.
- Net.
- Hold the overburden.

Weaknesses - Air will absorb moisture which will affect the system.
- Air exhaust noise.
- Air pressure is limited depending on the capacity of
the compressor.

Basic Pneumatic System

The basic pneumatic system, shown in Figure 2.3, consists of

two main parts: -

Production and distribution system wind.

System using wind.

Pneumatic cylinders, rotary actuators and motors, power

supply and air movement for most operating pneumatic
control system. For operation and control actuators,
pneumatic components are needed, such as wind servicing
unit, compressed air and valves to control the pressure, flow
and direction of wind movement.

Figure 2.3

Wind Production System (Production):

Component parts and its main functions are: -

(1) Compressor
Taken air at atmospheric pressure, compressed and transmitted at a higher pressure in the pneumatic system. It thus converts mechanical
energy to electrical energy.

(2) Electric Motor

Supplying mechanical power to the compressor. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

(3) Pressure Switch

Controlling the electric motor by detecting the pressure in the tank. It is provided to the maximum pressure at which it stops the motor, and
also the minimum pressure, where he started the motor again.

(4) Check Valve

Allowing compressed air from the compressor flows into the tank, and prevent it from flowing back when the compressor is dismissed.

(5) Tank
Store compressed air. Its size is adapted to the ability of the compressor. Greater than the volume, the longer the time between traveling
between the compressor.

(6) Pressure Gauge

Indicates the pressure in the tank.

(7) Auto drain

Pengetalan issued to all the water in the tank.

(8) Safety Valve

Wind blowing compressed out, if the pressure in the tank raised more than permissible pressure.

(9) Refrigerated Air Dryer

Cool breeze compressed to a few degrees more than the level that congeal freezing most of the humidity of the air. This prevents that from
happening liquid or air flow to the system after this flow.

(10) Line Filter

It is located in the main pipe. This filter must have a minimum pressure drop, and the capacity to produce oil mist. It also helps to absorb
dust, dirt and water from the tap.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS & SIGNAL FLOW

PNEUMATIC

Pneumatic system consists of interaction between groups of

elements that berbeza.Gabungan groups forming elements for
flow control signal, starting from the input (input) up to the scaling
(output).
Control the movement of the control element elements
mengantung to the signal received from the processing elements.
The basic level of pneumatic systems are:
energy source
input element
processing element
control elements
power components

Figure 2.4 shows the elements-elements in the system

in which it is represented with a symbol indicating the
function of these elements.

PRODUCTION AND COMPRESSED

AIR TRANSPORT

Examples of components that produce and transport

compressed air including a compressor and pressure control
components.
(a) Compressor
Compressor can compress the air pressure required. It can
convert mechanical energy of the motor and the engine into
the potential energy in the compressed air (Fig. 2). A single
central compressor can supply various pneumatic
components with compressed air, which is transported
through a pipe from the cylinder to the pneumatic
components. Compressor can be divided into two classes:
reciprocatory and rotary

(a) Compressor used in

schools
(b) The compressor used in
lab
(c) symbol
Pneumatic
compressor

 (b) pressure regulating components

Pressure regulating components formed by various
components, each of which has its own pneumatic
symbols:
(i) Filter - can remove impurities from the
compressed air before it is fed to the pneumatic
components.
(ii) Pressure regulator - to stabilize the pressure and
controls the operation of the pneumatic components
(iii) Lubricants - To provide lubrication for pneumatic
components

(b) Pneumatic symbols of the pneumatic

(a) Pressure regulating component
components within a pressure
regulating component

USE COMPRESSED AIR

Examples of components that use compressed air components

including implementation (cylinder), valves and directional
control valves assistant.

(a) Implementation of components

Pneumatic component implementation provides linear or rotary
motion. Examples of implementation of pneumatic components
including piston cylinders, pneumatic motors, etc. produced by
the rectilinear motion of the piston cylinder, while the pneumatic
motor provides continuous rotation. There are many types of
cylinders, such as single and double acting cylinders acting
cylinder

(i) Single acting cylinder

Sebuah silinder tindakan tunggal mempunyai

hanya satu pintu masuk yang membolehkan
udara termampat untuk mengalir melalui.
Oleh itu, ia hanya boleh menghasilkan dibakar
dalam satu arah (Gamb. 4). Rod omboh
digerakkan dalam arah yang bertentangan
oleh pegas dalaman, atau oleh daya luaran
yang disediakan oleh pergerakan mekanikal
atau berat beban (Gamb. 5).


Fig. 4 Cross section of a single acting cylinder

Fig. 5 (a) Single acting cylinder

(b) Pneumatic symbol of a

single acting cylinder

(ii) Double acting cylinder

In a double-acting cylinder, air pressure used

alternately relative surface of the piston,
which moves produce energy and power to
withdraw (Fig. 6). As the effective area of the
piston is small, then the resulting current is
relatively weak retraction. Perfect tube double
acting cylinders usually made of steel. Work
surface is also polished and coated with
chromium to reduce friction.


Fig. 6 Cross section of a double acting cylinder

(b) Pneumatic symbol of a double

Fig. 7 (a) Double acting cylinder

(b) Directional control valve

Control valve ensure air flow between the air port to open,
close and change their internal connection. Their
classification is determined by the number of ports, switch
positions, valve normal position and method of operation.
Common types of directional control valve including 2/2,
3/2, 5/2, etc. The first number represents the number of
ports; the second number represents the number of
positions. A directional control valve has two ports and five
positions can be represented by drawing in Fig. 8, as well as
pneumatic symbols of its own.

Fig. 8 Describing a 5/2 directional control valve

(i) 2/2 Directional control valve

2/2 directional control valve structure is very

simple. It uses the thrust of the spring to open
and close the valve, stop the compressed air from
flowing into the working tube 'A' of the air inlet
'P'. When a force is applied to the axis control, the
valve is pushed open, connecting the 'P' and 'A'
(Fig. 9). The force applied to the axis control to
address both air pressure and spring repulsive
force. The control valve can be driven manually or
mechanically, and restored to its original position
by the spring.

(b) Cross section

g. 9 (a) 2/2 directional control valve

(c) Pneumatic symbol

(ii) 3/2 Directional control valve

A 3/2 directional control valve can be used to

control single-acting cylinders (Fig. 10). Open
valve in the middle will be closed until the 'P'
and 'A' are connected together. Then another
valve will open the base signed between 'A' and
'R' (exhaust). Valves can be driven manually,
mechanically, electrically or pneumatically. 3/2
directional control valve again can be divided
into two classes: Normally open type (NO) and
normally closed type (NC) (Fig. 11) .Rajah 10

Fig. 10 (a) 3/2 directional control valve

(b) Cross section

Fig. 11 Pneumatic symbols

(a) Normally closed type(b) Normally open type

(iii) 5/2 Directional control valve

When the pressure pulse is input to the 'P'

control port pressure, the spool will move to
the left, connect the 'P' and routes incoming
jobs 'B'. 'A' route Work will then release the air
through the 'R1' and 'R2'. Directional valve will
remain in this position until the operation is
received conflicting signals. Therefore, this
type of directional control valve function is
said to have a 'memory'.

(b) Cross section

(a) 5/2 directional control valve
Fig. 12 5/2 directional control valve

(c) Pneumatic symbol

(c) Control valve

Valves control valve that controls the flow of air.

Examples include non-return valves, flow control valves,
shuttle valves, etc.

(i) Non-return valves

Non-return valve allows air to flow in one direction only.
When air flows in the opposite direction, the valve will
be closed. Another name for the non-return valve
poppet valve (Fig. 13).


Fig. 13 (a) Non-return valve

(b) Cross section

(c) Pneumatic symbol

(ii) Flow control valve

Injap kawalan aliran dibentuk oleh injap bukanpulangan dan pendikit ubah (Gamb. 14).

(b) Cross section

Fig. 14 (a) Flow control valve

(c) Pneumatic symbol

(iii) Shuttle valve

The shuttle valve also known as double or

single control valve controls not return. Shuttle
valve has two inlet air 'P1' and 'P2' and one air
out 'A'. When compressed air enters through
the 'P1', the sphere will prevent and suppress
'P2' another entry. Air can flow from the 'P1' to
'A'. When the opposite happens, the sphere
will restrict the entry 'P1', and allows air to
flow from the 'P2' to 'A' only.


Fig. 15 (a) Shuttle valve

(b)Cross section

THE

END