Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
IP
Addressing
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
About IP Address
The identifier that is used in the IP layer of the TCP/IP protocol is called the Internet
address or IP address.
An IP address is a 32-bit address that uniquely defines a host or a router on the Internet.
The IP address are unique in the sense that two devices can never have the same address.
However, a device can have more than one address.
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
4.1 DECIMAL NOTATION
Internet address are usually written in decimal form with decimal points separating the bytes.
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
4.2 CLASSES
IP address are divided into five different classes: A, B, C, D, and E.
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
CLASS A
The first octet(8 bits) defines the net id, the leftmost bit must be zero to define the class
as A.
The remaining 7 bits define different network.(27=128 networks), There are actually 126
networks in class A because two of the addresses are reserved for special purposes.
In a class A network, 24 bits are used to define the host id.
(224 = 16,777,216 hosts) - (hostid all 0s and hostid all 1s) = 16,777,214 hosts
CLASS B
Two octets define the net id and two octets define the hostid.
The two leftmost bit are 10 to define the class as B.
The next 14 bits define different network.(214=16,384 networks),
In a class B network, 16 bits are used to define the host id.
(216 = 65,536 hosts) - (hostid all 0s and hostid all 1s) = 65,534 hosts
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
CLASS C
Three octets define the net id and one octets define the hostid.
The three leftmost bit are 110 to define the class as C.
The next 21 bits define different network.(221= 2,097,152 networks),
In a class C network, 8 bits are used to define the host id.
(28 = 256 hosts) - (hostid all 0s and hostid all 1s) = 254 hosts.
CLASS D
CLASS E
Class E is rederved by the Internet for special use. There is no netid or hostid.
The first 4 bits define the class(1111).
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
Determining the Class of an Address
If the first number is between 128 and 191 (inclusive), the class is B.
If the first number is between 192 and 223 (inclusive), the class is C.
If the first number is between 224 and 239 (inclusive), the class is D.
If the first number is between 240 and 255 (inclusive), the class is E.
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
Multihomed Device
Router
McGraw-Hill
IP Addressing
4.3 SPECIAL ADDRESSES
Special Address
Netid
Hostid
Source or
Destination
Network address
Specific
All 0s
None
Specific
All 1s
Destination
All 1s
All 1s
Destination
All 0s
All 0s
Source
All 0s
Specific
Destination
Loopback address
127
Any
Destination
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill