Introduction

to
communication

Lesson 2 Slide 2

What is
communication?

Lesson 2 Slide 3

Definition of
communication
a learned skill
an activity of conveying
information and being
understood by others

Elements of
Communication Process
Sender
Message
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
Context

Lesson 2 Slide 6

Communication takes place

when both sender and
receiver understand the
message in the same way

Length
Of
communication

Choice
of Communicat
ion
Channels

Use
of Langu
age
Disabilities

Cultural Di
fferences

Status/
role

Lack
Of
Feedback

Factors
Affecting
Communication

Clarity of
Message

Atmosphere
/Noise/
Distraction

Known or
Unknown
Receive
r
Individual Pe
rceptions/Att
itudes/
Personalities

 Similarities or difference in status may affects

the effectiveness of the communication process.

Dealings within and outside of

organisation may hamper
communication

 Inappropriate choice of channels to send messages

can be perceived wrongly and thus create confusion.

Whether a message is too long or

brief, it can affect the
communication process

 Poor choice of words, weak sentence structure as

well as punctuation can hamper communication.

Disabilities can seriously impede

effective communication, thus
hearing or seeing aids can help
lessen the problem.

 A known receiver is able to understand your

message than an unknown one because of some
shared knowledge/ schemata.

You will have to adapt to some of

your receivers in terms of
communication preferences and
style auditory, visual or
kinesthetics

 Physical noise can affect both the sender and

receiver of message as they have to put in extra
efforts in order to be understood.

Is the message conveyed in a clear

or ambiguous manner?

 The lack of feedback can sometimes create problems

as it can lead to uncertainty and confusion.

Lesson 2 Slide 16

Defining
Written
Communication

 Oral communication involves

conveying ideas, thoughts or
information via a spoken
language.
Written communication involves
information exchanged using
written symbols, via words and
sentence

Lesson 2 Slide 17

Why Written
Communication
for posterity purpose
as documentation purpose
to keep abreast of development
as proof of acknowledgement

 Idea, logic, argument,

phraseology from outside
sources must be documented;
Credit must be given to
borrowed materials (quotations,
references from primary and
secondary sources)

writing
process

Tips on
written
communication
pitfalls
to avoid

 requires careful thought and

planning
contain comprehensive
information about a specific topic
should be clear, correct and easy
to read

 The writing process

basically involves:
a)planning
b)writing
c)editing

 Planning
decide what to say
list down all points
arrange in logical order

 writing
prewriting stage where relevant
information is gathered
practice writing in a clear and
organised way (use paragraphs,
layouts, sentences)
avoid ambiguous sentences

 editing
to check for grammatical errors,
and smooth language
try to get someone to proofread

Challenges
In
Written
Communication

Lesson 2 Slide 29