Expectation from

Counselors

Expectations.
Counseling process is a complex activity
Factors contributing to this complexity

are

client

expectations
Findings are contradictory as to whether client
expectations facilitate or hinder the communication
process and the effectiveness of therapy
Client expectations about counseling can influence
counseling process and outcome

Expectations.
Research has shown that students and clients have
definite expectations about what counseling will be like
and the roles they and their counselors will assume
These expectations can affect not only the process and
outcome of counseling, but also whether a person chooses
to enter counseling
The client's presenting problem is also a potential variable
to consider in clients' expectations about counseling

Expectations.
Clients' willingness to stay in therapy may be highly
related to expectancies
Research suggests that clients' decisions to discontinue
therapy after the initial interview may largely be due to a
discrepancy between the client's expectancies for therapy
and what actually happens in therapy (Borghi, 1968;
Heilbrun, 1970; Overall & Aronson, 1963)
A final factor that may influence the choice of a therapist
is clients expectancies about the specific alternative
therapists

Expectations.
Feeling that they have few or no alternative choices among therapists
can significantly affect clients' expectations about counseling
Consequently, the relationship between client expectancies and their
search for a therapist has been the subject of much research (e.g.,
Parham & Tinsley, 1980; Yanico & Hardin, 1985; Ziemlis, 1974)
It is widely believed, therefore, that clients' expectations exert an
important influence on their decisions to enter into and remain in
therapy, and that their expectations moderate the effectiveness of
therapy (Tinsley, Bowman, & Ray, 1988).

Expectations.
This has led to numerous attempts to manipulate or
change clients' expectations in order to study the impact
on the therapeutic relationship, process, or outcome.
The ultimate goal of this line of research is to enable
therapists to influence client's expectations about therapy
in order to produce more beneficial results

Role of Counselors
Counseling as a helping profession is the concept that
underlies the role and function of the counselor in todays
society
Members are specifically trained and licensed or certified
to perform a unique and needed service for fellow human
beings
Helping professionals serve, they are recognized by the
society as the sole professional providers of the unique
and needed services they offer

Characteristics of the Clientele

Humans are among the weakest species at birth
Humankind has the greatest potential for

growth

and

development of all the species

Humans have the highest level of communicational skills, skills
that enable us to express our thoughts in detail to many others;
to teach our language to others (even other animal species at
certain levels); and to record, send, and receive information
The human species exhibits a wider range of differences than
any other species

Characteristics of the Clientele

Human beings manipulate and are manipulated by their
environment
Humans are the only living organisms that understand
past and future time
Humans have the ability to reason and to gain insight

The Professional Counselor

Professional counselors must become fully trained and
qualified to meet the needs of the client population they
elect or are designated to serve.
Training requires an appropriate graduate level program
that leads to an understanding and awareness of the
systematic theories guiding professional practice
Professional counselors actively seek and obtain the
certification or licensure appropriate to their training,
background, and practice setting

The Professional Counselor

Professional counselors need to be professionally and
personally committed to constantly updating and
upgrading their skills and knowledge to reflect the latest
and ongoing progress in their professional field
Professional counselors are aware of and contribute to the
advancement of the profession by conducting and
participating in research studies designed to increase
knowledge for the profession
They ensure the dissemination of such studies to the
profession through professional writings and program
presentations at professional meetings

The Professional Counselor

Professional counselors are active participating members
of appropriate professional organizations at all levels
(national, regional, state, local)
Professional counselors are aware of and adhere to all
legal and ethical guidelines pertaining to the profession
and the practice of counseling

Functions of Counselors

Individual assessment
Individual counseling
Group guidance and counseling
Career assistance
Placement and follow-up
Referral

Functions of Counselors

Consultation
Research
Evaluation and accountability
Prevention

Individual Assessment
Individual assessment seeks, systematically, to identify the
characteristics and potential of every client
This activity is often considered a primarily skill of the
professional counselor because it provides, a database for
more readily understanding the person in the counseling
setting, the effective planning of group counseling
activities that reflect client interests and needs, the
development of responsive career and human potential
development programs, and the organization of systematic
placement and follow-up programs

Individual counseling
Individual counseling, since the early days of the
counseling movement, has been identified as the core
activity through which all the other activities become
meaningful
Counseling is a one-to-one helping relationship that
focuses on a persons growth and adjustment and
problem-solving and decision-making needs

Group Guidance and Counseling

Group guidance refers to group activities that focus on
providing information or experiences through a planned
and organized group activity
Group counseling is the routine adjustment or
developmental experiences provided in a group setting
Group counseling focuses on assisting counselees to cope
with their day-to-day adjustment and development
concerns

Career Assistance
Since its earlier inception, both the school guidance
movement and the counseling psychology movement have
had a strong vocational influence
This activity has been viewed as one in which
standardized tests were used for career assessment and
planning

Placement and Follow-up

Placement and follow-up have more traditionally been a
service of school counseling programs with an emphasis
on educational placement in courses and programs
Follow-up activities allow counselors to assess the
effectiveness of a programs placement activities

Referral
Referral is the practice of helping clients find needed
expert assistance that the referring counselor cannot
provide
It directs the client to another counselor with a higher
level of training or special expertise related to the clients
needs

Consultation
Consultation is a process for helping a client through a
third party or helping a system to improve its services to
its clientele
Triadic consultation, is popular in working with parents of
troubled children or teachers with problem pupils
Process consultation, focuses primarily on the processes
that an agency or institution may be using to carry out its
mission

Research
Research is necessary to the advancement of the
profession of counseling
It can provide empirically based data relevant to the
ultimate goal of implementing effective counseling
It is a means for producing additional knowledge in the
field, providing factual data to reinforce or guide the
counselors professional judgments and seeking answers
to questions and issues of professional concern

Evaluation and Accountability

They are interrelated
Evaluation is a means or process for assessing the effectiveness
of the counselors activities
It is fundamental to the verification and improvement of
professional and program performance
Accountability is an outgrowth of demands that schools and
other agencies be held accountable for their actions
It establishes a basis for relevance, effectiveness and efficiency

Prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention

Yardsticks of a Good Counselor

A good listener and good communicator

Respectful to other persons feelings and point of view
Kind, caring and understanding
Non-judgmental
Trustworthy and respectful of peoples confidentiality
Relaxed and calm
Warm and approachable
Ability to motivate and inspire clients

Specific Functions

Orientation of Students
Student appraisal
Educational and Occupational information service
Holding counselling interviews
Placement
Research and Evaluation

Thank You