By

Adedayo
Stephen

A paper presented during Personnel Management and Organizational

Behavior course at Northcentral University. August 10, 2009,

Content
Introduction
Purpose of Job Analysis
Method of Job Analysis
Job Analysis Tools
Analyzed Jobs
Conclusion
References

Introduction
A job is a collection of tasks and responsibilities

that an employee is responsible to conduct.

A task is a typically defined as a unit of work,
that is, a set of activities needed to produce
some result
Job Analysis is a process to identify and
determine in detail the particular job duties and
requirements and the relative importance of
these duties for a given job.
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Purpose of Job Analysis

A. Determining training needs
B. Selection procedure
C. Compensation
D. Performance appraisal
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A. Determining Training
Needs
Develop training content
Develop assessment tests to

measure effectiveness of training

Identify equipment to be used in
delivering the training
Identify methods of training

B. Compensation
Job Analysis can be used in compensation to
decide:
Skill levels
Compensable job factors
Work environment
Responsibilities
Required level of education
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C. Selection Procedures
Identify relevant job duties for the vacant

position
Help to determine what salary should be
offered to a candidate
Identify minimum educational requirements
Develop interview questions
Develop selection tests
Develop applicant appraisal forms
Develop orientation materials for applicants

D. Performance Review
Job Analysis can be used in performance review
to examine:
Goals and objectives
Performance standards
Evaluation criteria
Duration of probationary periods
Duties to be examined

Methods of Job Analysis

Incumbent interviews
Supervisor interviews
Expert panels
Structured questionnaires
Task inventories
Check lists
Open-ended questionnaires
Observation
Incumbent work logs

Job Analysis Tools

A task list provides the lists all of the responsibilities

that must be performed by an employee in an office.

Job breakdowns are standard operating procedures

and specifications on how job duties must be

performed to meet the company standards.
Job performance standards are statements that

explain or illuminate the levels of employee

performance that are satisfactory in an organisation.

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Analyzed Jobs
1. Sales Representative
2. Graduate Teaching Assistants
3. Computer Scientist

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1. Job Analysis of Sales

Representative
Job Title:

Sales Representative

Classification: Full Time Employee

Department:

Marketing Department

Location:

Abuja. Nigeria

Pay Grade:

Grade Level 9

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Job Description
Sell products, such as furniture, motor

vehicles, appliances, or apparel in a retail

establishment.
Develop prospects from current commercial
customers, referral leads, and sales and trade
meetings. Maintains records of contacts and
sales status including contact reports, sales
projections and quota ratios.

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Job Duties
Retain knowledge of present sales and

promotions, policies regarding payment and

exchanges, and other practices.
Calculate sales prices, total purchases and receive
and process cash or credit payment.
Greet customers and ascertain what each
customer wants or needs.
Create and close cash registers and performing
other related tasks.
Maintain records related to sales.
Recommend, select, and help locate or obtain
products based on customer needs and desires.
Describe products and explain use, operation, and
care of products to customers.
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Computer and Software

Skills
Windows operating system
MS Office Word, Excel and PowerPoint
Electronic mail software IBM Lotus Notes or

Microsoft Outlook
Financial analysis software Sales analysis
software

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Reporting Structure
Reports to sales manager
Junior sales officers reports to this position
Required to participate in annual sales

general meeting

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Tools and Equipment

Calculators
Desktop computers
Notebook computers
Personal computers
Personal digital assistants PDA
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Education and Training

Bachelor degree in social science, business,

finance or accounting
Five years working experience
Work-related skill and knowledge
Relevant certification training
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Work Environment
Able to work in large quantity sales office
Ability to stand for prolonged periods of time
Ability to travel to consumer site most of the

time
Able to withstand extreme cold temperature

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2. Job Analysis of Computer

Scientists
Job Title: Computer Scientists
Classification: Full Time Employee
Department:
Energy Information Systems
Location:
Abuja. Nigeria
Pay Grade:

CONTISS 12

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Job Description
Perform research into fundamental computer

and information science as theorists,

designers, or inventors.
Solve or develop solutions to problems in the
field of computer hardware and software
Developing, designing, or creating new
applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or
products

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Job Duties
Examine problems to provide solutions involving

computer hardware and software.

Using computers and computer systems to
program, write software, set up functions, enter
data, or process information.
Use theoretical expertise and innovation to
create or apply new technology, such as adapting
principles for applying computers to new uses.
Developing, designing, or creating new
applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or
products.
Formulating mathematical models of problems for
solution by computers.
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Computer and Software

Skills
Analytical or scientific software The Mathworks

MATLAB
Development environment software C,
Microsoft Visual Studio and Sun Microsystems
Java
Object oriented development software C++
Operating system software Linux, Sun
Microsystems Solaris, Windows operating system
MS Office Word, Excel and PowerPoint
Electronic mail software IBM Lotus Notes,
Microsoft Outlook
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Reporting Structure
Reports to the Head of Department
Student representative reports to this position
Required to participate in seminars and

conferences within the country

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Tools and Equipment

Computer servers File servers and Web

servers
High end computer servers Cluster systems
and distributed heterogeneous computers
Scanners Computer scanners
Laser printers
Desktop computers
Notebook computers
Personal computers
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Education and Training

Bachelors degree or master's degree
Five years work experience
Relevant international papers and publications

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3. Job Analysis of Graduate

Teaching Assistants
Job Title:
Assistants

Graduate Teaching

Classification: Full Time Employee

Department:

Physic Department

Location:

Accra. Ghana

Pay Grade:

Grade Level 9
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Job Description
Assist head of department , faculty members,

or other professional staff members in

university by performing teaching or teachingrelated duties, such as teaching lower level
courses, developing teaching materials,
preparing and giving examinations, and
grading examinations or papers.
Perform non-teaching duties, such as
laboratory research.

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Job Duties
Plan and maintain regular office hours to meet with

students.
Tell students of the procedures for completing and
submitting class work such as lab reports.
Conduct discussion sections, tutorials, and
laboratory sections.
Evaluate and grade examinations, assignments,
and papers, and record grades.
Return assignments to students in accordance with
established deadlines.
Meet with supervisors to discuss students' grades,
and to complete required grade-related paperwork.
Show use of laboratory equipment, and enforce
laboratory rules

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Skills
Teaching student how to do something.
Giving full attention to what student are

saying.
Selecting and using instructional methods.
Understanding the implications of new
information for both current and future
problem-solving and decision-making.
Monitoring performance of student .

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Abilities
Ability to communicate information and ideas

in speaking so student will understand.

Ability to listen to and understand information
and ideas presented through spoken words
and sentences.
Ability to read and understand information
and ideas presented in writing.
Ability to apply general rules to specific
problems to produce answers that make
sense.
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Tools and Equipment

Desktop computers
Notebook computers
Personal computers
Digital projector

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Education and Training

Bachelor's degree or a master's degree
Five years working experience
Relevant international papers and publications

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Conclusion
The activities involved in job and task analysis

are reviewing job tasks of employees,

analyzing work duties, and responsibilities
that are needed to be accomplished by an
employee filling a position.
The ability to conduct a successful job and
task analysis is very important in staffing
decisions, this will be of great help when
deciding what type of training should be given
to a new employee.
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Reference
Abilities Questionnaire (n.d). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from
http://harvey.psyc.vt.edu/Documents/ONETabilities.pdf
Computer and Information Scientists, Research. Retrieved July 27, 2009,
from http://online.onetcenter.org/link/summary/15-1011.00
Employee Task and Job Analysis. (n.d). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from
http://www.managementhelp.org/staffing/specify/job_nlyz/job_nlyz.htm
Graduate Teaching Assistants. Retrieved July 29, 2009, from
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/summary/25-1191.00
Job and task analysis. (n.d). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from

http://www.totallyskilled.org/awardingBody/wamitab_2/job_and_
task_analysis.pdf

Job task analysis. (n.d). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from

http://www.essortment.com/all/jobtaskanalysi_rsis.htm

Sample Job Analysis. (n.d). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from

http://www.staffing-and-recruiting-essentials.com/Sample-JobAnalysis.html

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Thank
You

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