Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DISEASES
Elena A. Abumuslimova
Ph.D., Associates Professor
Department of Public Health and Health Care,
Northern-West State Medical University named after I.I.
Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg
million of all
deaths attributed
to
noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs)
occur before the
age of 60.
Around the world,
NCDs affect women and
men almost equally.
preventable by means
of effective
interventions that
tackle shared risk
factors, namely: tobacco
use, unhealthy diet,
physical inactivity and
harmful use of alcohol.
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders
Cardiovascular diseases:
Facts and figures
Cardiovascular diseases:
Contributing factors
A persons genetic make-up
The foundations of adult health are laid in
early life
Socioeconomic group
Mental health
Diet
Overweight and obesity
Inactivity
Tobacco
Alcohol
Diabetes
Globalization and urbanization
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Cardiovascular diseases:
Prevention
Focusing on a combination of risk
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Cardiovascular diseases:
Prevention
It has been predicted that mortality from coronary heart
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Cardiovascular diseases:
Treatment
Effective measures are available for
Cancer
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and
Cancer:
the majority of cancer deaths
Lung, breast, colorectal, stomach and liver
cancers
In high-income countries, the leading causes
of cancer deaths are lung cancer among
men and breast cancer among women.
In low- and middle-income countries cancer
levels vary according to the prevailing
underlying risks. In sub-Saharan Africa, for
example, cervical cancer is the leading
cause of cancer death among women.
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Cancer:
risk factors for cancer
tobacco use
unhealthy diet
insufficient physical activity
the harmful use of alcohol
Infections (hepatitis B, hepatitis C (liver
Cancer:
policy
WHOs approach to cancer has four
pillars:
prevention,
early detection,
screening,
treatment
palliative care.
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Cancer:
policy
At least one third of the 10 million new cases
Cancer:
national cancer control
programme
WHO has consolidated tools for countries in a
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Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disease that
people worldwide
have diabetes.
There is an emerging
global epidemic of
diabetes that can be
traced back to rapid
increases in
overweight, obesity
and physical
inactivity.
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predicted to
become the seventh
leading cause of
death in the world
by the year 2030.
Total deaths from
diabetes are
projected to rise by
more than 50% in the
next 10 years.
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deaths occur in
low- and middleincome countries.
In developed
countries most
people with diabetes
are above the age of
retirement, whereas
in developing
countries those most
frequently affected
are aged between 35
and 64.
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Diabetes: Prevention
Without urgent action, diabetes-related deaths will
increase
by more than 50% in the next 10 years. To help prevent
type
2 diabetes and its complications, people should:
Achieve and maintain healthy body weight.
Be physically active - at least 30 minutes of regular,
moderate-intensity activity on most days.
Early diagnosis can be accomplished through relatively
inexpensive blood testing.
Treatment of diabetes involves lowering blood sugar and
the levels of other known risk factors that damage blood
vessels.
Tobacco cessation is also important to avoid
complications.
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Diabetes: Control
People with type 1 diabetes require insulin;
Obesity
Obesity is one of the greatest public health
Obesity
Overweight and
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population live in a
country where overweight
and obesity kills more
people than underweight.
This includes all highincome and middleincome countries.
Globally, 44% of diabetes,
23% of ischaemic heart
disease and 741% of
certain cancers are
attributable to
overweight and obesity.
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Individual responsibility
epidemic requires a
population-based
multisectoral, multidisciplinary, and culturally
relevant approach
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Noncommunicable diseases:
country income
About 30% of people dying from NCDs in low-
Noncommunicable diseases:
Current status and trends in
Common,
preventable risk factors underlie
risk
factors
Noncommunicable diseases:
Current status and trends in
risk
factors
The prevalence of these risk factors varied
Noncommunicable diseases:
parameters for estimation of
behavioural and metabolic risk
factors
Noncommunicable diseases:
parameters for estimation of
behavioural and metabolic risk
factors
raised
blood glucose:
glucose the percentage of the
Noncommunicable diseases:
Prevention and Control of NCDs
Millions of deaths can be prevented by
Noncommunicable diseases:
Prevention and Control of
Noncommunicable Diseases
There is the 2008-2013 Action Plan for the
Noncommunicable diseases:
The six objectives of the 2008-2013
Action Plan are:
To raise the priority accorded to
Noncommunicable diseases:
The six objectives of the 2008-2013
Action Plan are:
To promote research for the prevention
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UN General Assemblys
commitment
to fight noncommunicable
diseases
UN General Assembly adopt of the political
declaration on the prevention and control of
noncommunicable diseases. For the first
time, global leaders have reached consensus
in the General Assembly on concrete actions
to tackle these diseases.
Governments agreed on the need for global
targets to monitor these diseases and their
risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet,
physical inactivity and the harmful use of
alcohol.
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UN General Assemblys
commitment
to
fight
noncommunicable
Global
leaders
committed to greater efforts to
prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases
diseases
and improve health care including better access
to vital medicines.
Success will depend on the engagement of nonhealth sectors such as finance, agriculture,
transportation, urban development, and trade.
Governments will integrate policies to reduce
noncommunicable diseases into health planning
processes and national development agendas.
The declaration is a clear signal that global
leaders acknowledge the devastating impact of
noncommunicable diseases worldwide and that
they are committed to reducing it. The next
step is to act on those commitments.
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