Deformation

Let me tell you the secret that has led me to my goal. My strength lies in my
tenacity.
Louis Pateur

Image: High speed photographs of a club striking a golf ball. Note the large
deformations in the golf ball.

Normal Stress

Figure 5.6 Element subjected to

normal stress

text reference: Figure 5.6, page 195

Shear Stress

Figure 5.7 Element subjected to shear stress.

text reference: Figure 5.7, page 197

Twisting due to Applied Torque

Figure 4.11 Twisting of member due to
applied torque.

l
HipotesisdeCoulomb:secciones
transversalescirculares,permanecenplanas.
PrincipiodeSaintVenant:secciones
transversalesnocirculares.

text reference: Figure 4.11, page 152

Example 5.1

Figure 5.1 Cantilevered beam with concentrated force

applied at free end. Used in Example 5.1.

text reference: Figure 5.1, page 184

Examen septiembre 2006

1/ Un resorte de una puerta tiene seccin rectangular
50x6 (mm) y longitud 800 mm. Uno de sus extremos
se haya empotrado y en el otro se producen
deflexiones entre 75 y 150 mm cclicamente.
Determinar el coeficiente de seguridad en la seccin
ms peligrosa en:
a) caso citado b) si a L/2 se le practica un taladro de
O 12,5mm. Condiciones de carga de (a)
Material estirado en frio, E=210Gpa, Su=1034MPa y
= 0,3
Fiabilidad 90% aT=20C3 puntos

text reference: Figure 5.1, page 184

Cantilever with Moment and Concentrated

Force
Figure 5.5 Bar fixed at one end and free at
other with moment applied to free end and
concentrated force at any distance from
free end. (a) Complete assembly; (b) freebody diagram showing effect of
concentrated force; (c) free-body diagram
showing effect of moment.

d2y

dx 2

dy

1
dx

text reference: Figure 5.5, page 194

M ( z)

EI z

Example 5.8

Figure 5.8 Cantilevered bar with

concentrated force acting at distance b from
free end. (a) Coordinate system and
important points shown; (b) fictitious force
shown along with concentrated force.

text reference: Figure 5.8, page 203

Free Body Diagram of

Simply Supported
Beam

Figure 5.2 Free-body diagram of force

anywhere between simply supported
ends. (a) Complete bar; (b) portion of
bar.

text reference: Figure 5.2, page 187

Cantilevered Bar
with Partial
Distributed Load

Figure 5.3 Cantilevered bar with

unit step distribution over part of bar.
(a) Loads and deflection acting on
cantilevered bar; (b) free-body
diagram of forces and moments
acting on entire bar; (c) free-body
diagram of forces and moments
acting on portion of bar.

text reference: Figure 5.3, page 189

Cantilever with Simply

Supported End

Figure 5.4 Cantilevered bar with other end

simply supported and with concentrated force
acting anywhere along bar. (a) Sketch of
assembly; (b) free-body diagram of entire bar;
(c) free-body diagram of part of bar.

text reference: Figure 5.4, page 191

Deflection of Beams

Table 5.1 Deflection for

three different situations
when one end is fixed and
one end is free and two
different situations of simply
supported beams.

text reference: Table 5.1, page 193

Deflection of Beams (cont.)

Table 5.1 Deflection for three different situations when one end is fixed and
one end is free and two different situations of simply supported beams.
text reference: Table 5.1, page 193

Mtodo del momento de rea

1
M ( x)dx 1
H
x

A( x) d

EI
A( x)
EI
La distancia vertical entre un
punto cualquiera A en la curva
de flexin y la tangente a la
curva en otro punto B es igual
al momento esttico con
respecto a A del rea del
diagrama del momento
flexionante entre A y B,
dividido entre la rigidez.

Strain Energy
Aplicacin: Mtodo de Castigliano
Loading type
Axial
Bending

Factors involved
P, E, A
M , E, I

S train energy for

special case where
al l three factors
are constant with x

General
expression for
strain energy

P 2l
U
2EA

P2
U
dx
2EA

M2
U
2EI

M2
U
dx
2EI
2
U
dx
2GJ
0

Torsion

T, G, J

T 2l
U
2GJ

Transverse shear
(rectangular section)

V, G, A

3V2 l
U
5GA

Table 5.2 Strain energy for four types of loading.

text reference: Table 5.2, page 200

0
l

0
l

3V 2
U
dx
5GA
0

Example 5.9

Figure 5.9 Cable system arrangement. (a)

Entire assembly; (b) free-body diagram of
forces acting at point A.

text reference: Figure 5.9, page 204

Example 5.10

Figure 5.10 Cantilevered bar with 90 bend acted upon by

horizontal force at free end.
text reference: Figure 5.10, page 205

Design of
FOPS

Figure 5.11 Figures used in case

study. (a) Forklift truck; (b) FOPS
details (not to scale); (c) idealized
FOPS for analysis.

text reference: Figure 5.11, page 207

FOPS Cross Brace Analysis

Figure 5.12 (a) Free-body; (b) shear; and (c) bending moment
diagrams for FOPS cross brace.

text reference: Figure 5.12, page 208