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Control I
NC - Numerical Control - Software control of manufacturing processes.
Based on a code of letters, numbers & special characters called a program.
NC History
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Applications of NC
Chip producing machines: Drills, Mills, Lathes, Bores, Saws, Etc.
Chipless machining: Flame Cutting, Punches, Wire EDM, Welding,
Non machining: Paint Spraying, Tube Bending, Assembly, Etc.
NC used to
1) Position cutter (move table)
2) Change tooling
3) Adjust coolant flow (flood/mist-on/off)
4) Adjust spindle speeds
5) Perform operations at a point (plunge, tap, bore, etc.)
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STEPS INVOLVED
ON GENERAL PURPOSE MACHINE:
Operation
Off Machine
Plan operation sequence
X
Select tools X
Set and change toolsX
Select feeds and speeds
X
Set feeds and speeds
X*
Position work X
Start and stop machine operations X*
Control path between work & tool X
during cutting
Rapid position tool for next cut or X
part unloading
On Machine
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Circumstances best suited to NC
Numerical
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Numerical
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Numerical
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Programming methods for NC
MANUAL (#4)
COMPUTER ASSISTED
A) Language (#5A)
B) Graphic (#5B)
Numerical Control
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Two ways information is fed into an NC machine.
Auxiliary Operations:
Tool change, spindle reversal, tool on/off, coolant
on/off,
spindle speeds (RPM), spindle feeds (IPM)
Numerical
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Any movement under control of NC input is called an axis.
(ie)
Numerical
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To specify coordinate points to a machine tool, there are
two positioning point reference systems. (#7)
Absolute:
all measurements are taken from a fixed origin
(X=0,Y=0,Z=0)
*helpful to have part prints with baseline dimensioning*
Incremental:
all measurements for the next position are made from
the last or previous position