A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining

orientation, based on the principles ofconservation ofangular

momentum.
In essence, amechanical gyroscope is aspinning wheel or disk
whose axle is free to take any orientation.
Gyroscopes are installed in ships in order to minimize the
rolling and pitching effects of waves. They are also used in aero
planes, monorail cars, gyrocompasses etc.

 Gyroscope is a mechanism comprising a rotor journeyedto spin

about one axis, the journals of the rotor being mounted in an
inner gimbal or ring; theinner gimbal is journeyed for
oscillation in an outer gimbal for a total of two gimbals.
The outer gimbal or ring, which isthe gyroscope frame, is
mounted so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane
determined by the support.
Outer gimbal possesses one degree of rotational freedom and
its axis possesses none.
The inner gimbal is mounted in the gyroscope frame so as to
pivot about an axis in itsown plane that is always perpendicular
to the pivotal axis of the gyroscope frame (outer gimbal). This
inner gimbal has two degrees ofrotational freedom

 Applications of gyroscopes include navigation for the

stabilization offlying vehicles like radio-controlled helicopters.
Due to their high precision, gyroscopes are also used to maintain
direction in tunnel mining.
Gyroscopes are also usedin Air &Land Vehicles,Ships,
Hovercrafts etc.
Vastly used in UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) commonly named as
DRONES

 The angular velocity of the axis of spin (i.e.d/dt) is known as

angularvelocityof
precessionand isdenoted byP
The axis, about which the axis of spin is to turn, is known as axis
ofprecession.
The angular motion of the axis of spin about the axis of precession is known
as processional angular motion

The Cause of Precession:- Newtons 1 st Law of Motion.

-Law of Conservation ofAngular Momentum.

The Cause of Precession:- Newtons 1 st Law of Motion.

-Law of Conservation ofAngular Momentum.

 Consider a disc spinning with anangular velocity

rad/s about the axis of spin OX, in anticlockwise direction when seen
from the front
Since the plane in which the disc is rotating is parallel to the plane
YOZ, therefore it is called plane of spinning.
The horizontal plane XOZ is called plane of precession and OY is the
axis of precession


Since the angular momentum is a vector quantity,
therefore it may be represented by the vector ox. The axis
of spin OX is also rotating anticlockwise when seen from
the top about the axis OY.
Let the axis OX is turned in the plane XOZ through a
small angle
radians to the position OX , in time seconds. Assuming
the
angular city to be constant, the angular momentum will
nowbe
represented by vector ox.