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Introducing .

NET

Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
Identify the types of application architectures
Identify the components of the .NET Framework
List the advantages of the .NET Framework
Identify the components of the Visual Studio .NET Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)
List the features of VC# .NET

Introducing .NET

Types of Application Architectures

The functions performed by an application can be divided into three


categories:
User services provides interactive user interface. Therefore, it is also
called presentation layer.
Business services ensures that the back-end does not receive incorrect
data.
Data services comprises data and the functions for manipulating the data.
Each category is implemented as a layer in an application.
These three layers form the base of the models or architectures used in
application development.
Applications may vary from single-tier desktop applications to multi-tier
applications.

Introducing .NET

Single-Tier Architecture

In single-tier architecture, a single executable file handles all functions relating


to the user, business, and data service layers.
Single-tier applications are also called monolithic applications.

Introducing .NET

Two-Tier Architecture

The two-tier architecture divides an application into the following two


components:
Client: Implements the user interface
Server: Stores data
In the two-tier architecture, the business services layer may be implemented
in one of the following ways:
By using fat client
By using fat server
By dividing the business services between the user services and the data
services

Introducing .NET

Three-Tier Architecture

In three-tier architecture, all the three service layers reside separately, either
on the same machine or on different machines.
The user interface interacts with the business logic.
The business logic validates the data sent by the interfaces and forwards it to
the database if it conforms to the requirements.
The front-end only interacts with business logic, which, in turn, interacts with
the database.

Introducing .NET

N-Tier Architecture

An n-tier application architecture is not restricted to a specific number of


layers.
It has multiple servers handling business services.
The advantages of n-tier architecture are:
Extensibility
Resilience to change
Maintainability
Scalability
These applications serve organization-specific requirements. Therefore, most
modern enterprise applications are based on the n-tier application
architecture.

Introducing .NET
Two of the most important features of the Windows
environment that enable applications to interact effectively
with the user are:
Event-Driven Programming:
Based on users input, an event gets generated and the
corresponding code is executed.

Dynamic Linking:
Windows application is linked to the existing library functions at
run time.

Introducing .NET
The .NET Framework
The .NET offers a complete suite for developing and
deploying applications.
Microsoft has introduced Visual
Studio .NET, which is a tool for
This suite consists of the:
.NET Products
.NET Services
.NET Framework

developing .NET applications by


using programming languages
such as Visual Basic, Visual C#,
and Visual C++.
These products aim at allowing
developers to create numerous
applications.

Introducing .NET
The .NET Framework (Contd.)
The .NET offers a complete suite for developing and
deploying applications.
This suite consists of the:
.NET Products
.NET Services
.NET Framework

Microsoft has come up with its own


set of Web services, known as My
Services. These services are
based on the Microsoft Passport
Authentication service, which is
used in Web applications such
as Hotmail.
This service allows users to access
data by linking calendars,
phonebooks, address books, and
personal references to the passport
authentication service.

Introducing .NET
The .NET Framework (Contd.)
The .NET offers a complete suite for developing and
deploying applications.
This suite consists of the:
.NET Products
.NET Services
.NET Framework

It is the foundation on which you


design, develop, and deploy
applications.
It is a consistent and simplified
programming model that helps you
to easily build robust applications.

Introducing .NET
Components of the .NET Framework
The following figure shows the different components of
the .NET Framework.

CLR is the
At the presentation
environment
where all
The
.NET
layer, .NET
programs
using
Framework
provides
three
typesare
.NET technologies
class
library
works
of user
interfaces.
executed.
with
anyare
.NET
They
The CLR
allows the
language,
such as
Windows
Forms,
execution of code
VB.NET,
VC++
Web
Forms,
and
across
different
.NET,
and Applications.
VC#.
Console
platforms by
The .NET
translating
code into
Framework
class
Intermediate
library
comprises
Language
(IL).
namespaces, which
IL is a low-level
are contained within
language that the
assemblies.
CLR understands.

Introducing .NET
Components of the .NET Framework (Contd.)
Some of the advantages offered by the .NET Framework
are:
Consistent programming model
Multi-platform applications
Multi-language integration
Automatic resource management
Ease of deployment

Introducing .NET
Using Visual Studio .NET IDE
The Visual Studio .NET IDE provides you with a common
interface for developing various kinds of applications.
The IDE also provides you with a centralized location for
designing the user interface for an application, writing code,
and compiling and debugging the application.

Introducing .NET

User and Program Interfaces

.NET provides three types of user interfaces:


Windows Forms: They are used in Windows-based applications
Web Forms: They are used in Web-based applications
Console Applications: They are used to create character-based console
applications that can be executed from the command line.
.NET provides one program interface:
Web Services: They are used to communicate with remote components

Introducing .NET
The two ways of interacting with an application are:
By using Character User Interface (CUI)
By using Graphical User Interface (GUI)

In
CUI,provides
the userainteracts
with a system
by keying in
A GUI
picture-oriented
or graphical
commands.
way of interacting with the system.
the
sample
output
The following figure shows a
sample
output
ofof
aa
GUI
CUIapplication.
application.
Enter your name: John
Enter a book name: Famous Five
Sorry, The book is not available.
Do you want to check for another book (y/n):

Introducing .NET
Advantages of GUI applications are:
They are easy to learn and use.
Users need not remember the lines of syntax.
Most of the commands can be executed using the mouse.

Introducing .NET
A typical application screen contains components such as
buttons and text boxes.
These components enable you to enter information and
customize other parameters. These components are called
controls.
The following figure shows a GUI application with various
controls such as label, button, textbox, and combo box.
Label
Controls

Button
Control

TextBox
Control
ComboBox
Control

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