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ACMV
Content
First part introduction on ACMV
Basic knowledge
Major Regulations (HKSAR) and Practices
ACMV system (HD) and equipment
Design (HD) and considerations
Performance-based building energy code
Tube cleaning system / Heat recovery
Break
Second part photo sharing
Q&A
ACMV in HD
Air-Conditioning and Mechanical
Ventilation or sometimes written as
ACMV
Commonly known as HVAC, which is
Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning
or HVACR where R stand for Refrigeration
It is one of the major Building Services
Installations (other Building Services
Installations such as Lift, Electrical, Fire
Services, Water supply, etc.)
Why
Provide a safe, healthy and comfortable
indoor environment for occupant
Temperature : 25.5C
Relative humidity : 55%
Air velocity at occupied zone : 0.25m/s
Air flow pattern
Concentration of indoor air pollutants
Etc.
Basic knowledge
(1)
Major Regulations in HK
Building (Ventilating Systems) Regulations
Building (Energy Efficiency) Regulations
Fire Services Ordinances and its Regulations
Electricity Ordinances and its Regulations
Noise and Air Pollution Control Ordinance
Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance
Public Health & Municipal Services Ordinance
Water Works Regulations
Other relevant Ordinances and Regulations
ACMV systems
(HD)
Central chilled water air conditioning system
Standalone air conditioning system
Mechanical ventilation system
Standalone Air-conditioning
system
Standalone Air-conditioning
units
Fans
Water-cooled
schemes
District Cooling
Scheme
Central Seawater
Scheme
Cooling Tower
Scheme
Prevention of Legionnaire
disease
BMS Schematic
DCG-E-CC, DBSG
Equipment selection
System selection
Builders work
Acoustic treatment
Associated electrical provisions
Fire safety
PRO JECT :
LOC ATIO N :
File Name :
Date :
Prepare By :
Room T ype.
Height (m)
Volume (m?
a101p
z22p
arcv2
5.5
472.9
102.1
3,162.5
2.32
Additional Person :
Total No. of Occupancys :
T OB31
Room ID.
04-Jul-05
Dry Bulb ( )
Wet Bulb ( )
R.H. (%)
O.A. T emp.
18.0
#NAME?
80%
Room Temp.
24.0
#NAME?
L/ Person
Air Change
(m?s)
204
5.0
0.0
0.00
1.02
55%
Design Criteria
Wall Group
Peak Month
Peak Time
Diversity
17:00
1.0
Area
Exposure
(m?
SC
SHGF
CLF
Heat Gain
U Factor
(kW)
(kW/m? )
+ Glasscorr )
( CLTD
Heat Gain
(kW)
N
NE
Density
1.200
Cp air
1.020
hfg
2500
* Ret. Fan
* Sup. Fan
SE
** Leave T .
2.00
0.65
0.204
0.50
0.13
0.0056
10.10
0.11
SW
10.00
0.65
0.496
0.66
2.13
0.0056
10.10
0.57
Sat. Level %
NW
Horizon/Skylight
2.3
0.7
Area
U Factor
Exposure
(m?
(kW/m? )
x (CLTDwall x K + LM x K
+ Wallcorr . or
Heat Gain
+ Roofcorr x f )
(kW)
Type
NE
0.00233
13.00
-0.756
2.10
0.02
1.50
0.00233
9.00
-1.995
2.10
0.03
Area (m?
SW
6.80
0.00233
9.00
-0.756
2.10
0.16
U F(kW/m ?) :
6.00
0.00233
8.00
-0.500
2.10
0.13
CLT D
3.50
0.00233
7.00
-0.116
2.10
0.07
LM
Roof
575.00
0.00234
22.00
0.000
2.10
32.43
32.8
Lights
Power
Appliance
Infilration
(Person)
(No. or kW)
(kW)
(No. or kW)
(m?s)
575.00
0.030
1.00
15.30
17.25
0.085
Factor
1.00
17.34
Floor/Ground
SkyLight
Glass
GTH
Area/GTH
Roofcorr .
Sen.Heat ( kW ) :
Remark
People
1.00
Ceiling
1.92
Roof
0.075
2.44
#NAME?
9.00
Type
NW
204.00
#NAME?
Coil Capacity
91.30
Sen.Heat (kW) :
0.60
CLF
h / kg air
Sup. Air Flow
0.00234
T . Diff. ( )
E
SE
Unit Rate
#NAME?
Partition
Area (m?
U F(kW/m ?)f
Quantity or Area
Room SHF
95%
Calculated Result
0.00
Fresh Air Heat Gain
Air Q uantity
Se nsible He at Gain
Total
Required
Addition
Factor
FASH
Factor
FALH
FATH
(m?s)
(m?s)
(kW/m?s)
(kW)
(kW/m?s)
(kW)
(kW)
1.02
0.00
-7.34
-7.49
#NAME?
#NAME?
Dry Bulb
We t Bulb
Enthalpy
Dew Point
18.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
24.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
21.5
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
0.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
0.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
24.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
7. Room Conditions
24.0
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Summary of He at Gain
Area
Fresh Air
Supply Air
Solar Heat
FASH
FAT H
RSH
RTH
GSH
Psychometric Chart
A chart made up at a specific atmosphere
condition (pressure) indicating the
properties of air such as dry bulb, wet
bulb, humidity ratio, enthalpy, sensible
heat ratio, dew point, vapour pressure,
specific volume, etc.,
Used for the calculation on airconditioning process
Psychometric Chart
MV Design and
Considerations
Heat load and fresh air requirement
Volume of confined space, zoning
arrangement, fire compartment
Air change rate (usually, per hour)
Louver and damper size & location, air flow
pattern (avoid short-circuiting) & directions
(low level intake and high level exhaust)
Variable air volume control by (timer, multigas sensor, DDC, DCV, temperature,
occupancy, concentration of indoor air
pollutants, etc.)
Fan selection (type, pressure, flow, etc.)
Typ
e of
Fan
Noise measurement
(refer to EPD)
Sound level
meter
Air measurement
Whirling hydrometer
Measure dry bulb and
wet bulb temperature
(humidity)
Performance-based
Building Energy Code (PB-BEC)
for Buildings in Hong Kong
Based on
Total Building Energy Budget Approach
What is PB-BEC
Caters for the interaction of various components
- Total building energy
Energy to provide ACMV
Energy to provide lighting
Renewable energy
Daylight optimization
PB-BEC Advantages
Encourages
Sensor
PB-BEC - Background
PB-BEC a worldwide trend
In use in US, Canada, UK, Switzerland, Sweden,
Norway, Australia, New Zealand etc., being considered
in Singapore
WTO and APEC requirements on performance-based
standard to remove trade barrier
PB-BEC - Background
Way Forward in OTTV Review
PB-BEC - Development
Current BECs paving the way
OTTV - Basic requirement
Current EMSD BECs good engineering practices
serve as BS Basic requirements in PB-BEC
Simulation
Weather Library
Building Description
Building configuration
Thermal zones
Internal loads
Occupancy
System Description
System types and sizes
Supply and return fans
Control and schedules
Outside air requirements
Plant Description
Equipment types & sizes
Performance characteristics
Auxiliary equipment
Load assignment
Fuel types
Output:
LOAD
ANALYSIS
BUILDING
LOAD
SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
SYSTEM
ENERGY
PLANT
ANALYSIS
PLANT
ENERGY
Orientation
No. of floors
Floor height
Areas: wall / floor / window
External shading
Thermal properties: wall / roof / window
(absorptance, U-value, Shading Coefficient)
Operation hours
Lighting power density
User equipment power density
Fresh air requirement
Infiltration
Thermal zoning
System analysis
Plant analysis
Interaction of load, system and
plant
Output of simulation
Input summary
- walls constructions, wall / faade dimensions, faade U-values & shading coefficients
- thermal zones, occupancy etc.
System summary
- systems configurations: types of chillers, pumps, condensers & fans and sizes etc.
- chilled water temperatures, supply & return air temperatures etc.
10 minutes break
Photos of Major
ACMV equipment
77
Water-cooled packaged
chiller
(Centrifugal type)
Cooling Tower
Cooling Tower
Cooling Tower
Outdoor unit
Axial fan
Centrifugal fan
Silencer
Acoustic louver
Nozzle
Carpark ventilating
fan
Jet
Associated electrical
installation (for water chiller)
Associated electrical
installation
(for chilled water pump)
/ (
)
Summary
Basic ACMV knowledge
ACMV design and considerations
HD approach and concern
ACMV equipment
Photos of actual installation
111