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Dispersion Loss
Intermodal Dispersion:
Pulse broadening due to intermodal
dispersion results from the propagation
delay differences between modes
within a multimode fiber.
Intramodal Dispersion:
It is the pulse spreading that occurs
within a single mode.
Material Dispersion
Waveguide Dispersion
1) Material Dispersion:
) Also known as spectral dispersion or
chromatic dispersion.
) Results because of variation due to
Refractive Index of core as a function of
wavelength, because of which pulse
spreading occurs even when different
wavelengths follow the same path.
2) Waveguide Dispersion:
) Whenever any optical signal is passed
through the optical fiber, practically 80% of
optical power is confined to core & rest
Chromatic Dispersion
Different wavelengths travel at
different speeds through the fiber
This spreads a pulse in an effect
named chromatic dispersion
Chromatic dispersion occurs in both
singlemode and multimode fiber
Larger effect with LEDs than with lasers
A far smaller effect than modal
dispersion
Polarization Mode
Dispersion
Light with different polarization can
travel at different speeds, if the fiber
is not perfectly symmetric at the
atomic level
This could come from imperfect
circular geometry or stress on the
cable, and there is no easy way to
correct it
It can affect both singlemode and
multimode fiber.
Dispersion
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Dispersion
Dispersion - spreading of light pulses
in a fiber
limits bandwidth
most important types
Intramodal or chromatic dispersion
material dispersion
waveguide dispersion
profile dispersion
Intermodal/multimode dispersion
polarization mode dispersion (PMD)
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Intramodal or Chromatic
Dispersion
Chromatic Dispersion
caused by different
wavelengths traveling at
different speeds
is the result of material
dispersion, waveguide
dispersion or profile dispersion
for the fiber characteristics
shown at right, chromatic
dispersion goes to zero at 1550
nm (Dispersion-Shifted Fiber)
For a light-source with a narrow
spectral emission, the
bandwidth of the fiber will be
very large.
(FWHM = Full Width Half
Maximum)
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Material Dispersion, DM
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Material Dispersion, DM
Can be approximated by:
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Profile Dispersion
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