Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FOR MULTIPHASE
REACTORS
Starting Reference
1. P. A. Ramachandran and R. V. Chaudhari, ThreePhase Catalytic Reactors, Gordon and Breach
Publishers, New York, (1983).
2. Nigam, K.D.P. and Schumpe, A., Three-phase
sparged reactors, Topics in chemical engineering, 8,
11-112, 679-739, (1996)
3. Trambouze, P., H. Van Landeghem, J.-P. Wauquier,
Chemical Reactors: Design, Engineering, Operation,
Technip, (2004)
Objectives
1. Review microkinetic and macrokinetic processes that
occur in soluble and solid-catalyzed systems.
2. Review ideal flow patterns for homogeneous systems
as a precursor for application to multiphase systems.
3. Derive basic reactor performance equations using ideal
flow patterns for the various phases.
4. Introduce non-ideal fluid mixing models.
5. Illustrate concepts through use of case studies.
Degree of Difficulty
Straightforward
Implementation
Insight
Straightforward
Very little
Significant
Reactor
Model
Reactor
Model
Hydrodynamics of the
gas, liquid, and solids
Macro distributions of
the gas, liquid and solid
Heat exchange
Qin
Tin
Cin
Qout
Tout Product
Cout
Reactor
Reactor
=f
Performance
Process
Variables
Rates
Conversion
Flow rates
Kinetics
Reaction
Flow
Patterns
Macro
Transport Micro
Heat exchange
9
Q (m3/s)
Q (m3/s)
a. Plug-Flow
Q (m3/s)
Q (m3/s)
b. Backmixed Flow
10
MT t
y(t)
t
Q (m3/s)
t
Q (m3/s)
y(t) dt
E(t ) dt
MT / Q
Reactor System
MT Q y(t) dt
o
11
Q
(m3/s)
12
Q
(m3/s)
13
Liquid Phase
Solid-Phase
Reactor Type
Plug-flow
Fixed
Trickle-Bed
Flooded-Bed
Plug-flow
Backmixed Backmixed
Backmixed
Mechanically
agitated
Plug-Flow
Backmixed
Bubble column
Ebullated - bed
Gas-Lift & Loop
Backmixed
14
(t)
QG
XL(t)
QL
0
XG(t)
or
t
QL
1 = G + L + C
Vr G
QG
-t/
e
EL(t)
QG
VR = vG + VL + VC
G
(t)
Vr (1 G L )
QL
15
K1j Vj
j=2
Q1
K1j
C j
=
C1 equil.
Q1 +
K1j Vj
j= 2
p
K 1j Qj
j= 2
- H (k ) t
p
c
1 - XA = e
Hp(kc) = pdf for the stagnant phase
= e
0
Eext ( t ) dt
- (k W W / Q1 ) t
Eext ( t ) dt
17
Trickle - Bed
Bubble Column
Flooded - Bed
Plug-flow of gas
Backmixed liquid & catalyst
Batch catalyst
Catalyst is fully wetted
Plug-flow of gas
Plug-flow of liquid
Fixed-bed of catalyst
18
Catalyst is fully wetted
19
4. Plug-flow of liquid
5. Isothermal operation
6. Liquid is nonvolatile
7. Catalyst concentration is constant
8. Finite gas-liquid, liquid-solid,
and intraparticle gradients
L
20
(Net input
(Input by Gas- - (Loss by Liquid- = 0
+
by
Liquid
solid Transport)
convection)
Transport)
Ql Al z Ql Al
(1)
k
a
A
Al Ar dz- k s a p Al As Ar dz= 0
l B
z dz
(2)
21
22
23
24
Conversion of Reactant B
(in terms of Reactor Efficiency)
25
Stirred Tank
Bubble Column
5. Isothermal operation
6. Liquid is nonvolatile
7. Catalyst concentration is constant
8. Finite gas-liquid, liquid-solid,
and intraparticle gradients
26
27
For Reactant B:
(Net input
=
by flow)
(Rate of rxn of B
at the catalyst
surface)
(Note: No transport to
gas since B is nonvolatile)
28
29
30
C, D - Cocurrent or
E
countercurrent two-phase
flow with exchange between
the phases and stagnant
phase.
Trickle-beds, packed or
empty bubble columns
E - Exchange between two
flowing phases, one of
which has strong internal
recirculation.
Empty bubble columns and
fluidized beds
31
C
2C
C
Dax
u
R
2
t
z
dz
@z=0
Let
u0C0 uC Dax
uL
Peax
Dax
C
z
@z=L
C
0
z
@ = 1
C
0
C
1 2C C
R
2
t
Peax
d
@ = 0
1 C
C0 C
Peax
32