ENGLISH

GROUP 2:
1. FATHON DARMAWAN
2. MAYRIZKA JESHINTA DEVI
3. REYNALDO SIHITE
4. RIFQI ADHIKARA

PRONOUN
DEFINITION
A pronoun usually refers to something already mentioned in
a sentence or piece of text. A pronoun is a word that
substitutes a noun or noun phrase used to prevent repetition
of the noun to which they refer.
Rule for Pronouns
A pronoun must agree with the noun it refer. Therefore, if the
noun is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular; if
the noun is plural, use a plural pronoun; if the noun is
feminine, use a feminine pronoun, and so on.
For example:
The train was late, it had been delayed.
The trains were late, they had been delayed.

TYPES OF PRONOUN

PERSONAL
PRONOUN

POSSESSIVE
PRONOUN
RELATIVE
PRONOUN
RECIPROCAL
PRONOUN

REFLEXIVE
PRONOUN
INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUN
DEMONSTRATIV
E PRONOUN

INDEFINITE
PRONOUN

PERSONAL PRONOUN
DEFINITION: Personal pronouns refer to the person who is doing the
action or to whom the action affects. In that way we distinguish two
types of personal pronouns: Personal Subject Pronouns and
Personal Object Pronouns.

A. Subject Pronoun
A subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as
the subject of the sentence. We use the Personal Subject
Pronouns to refer to the person who is doing the action of the verb or
the verb speaks about.
For example :
Jhon is listening to music.
=>He listens to music every day.
* In this case, "he" substitutes "Jhon" which is the subject of the
sentence.

B. Object Pronoun
DEFINITION: An objective personal pronoun indicates that the
pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb,
preposition, or infinitive phrase. We use the Personal
Object Pronouns to refer to the person whom the action of the
verbs affects.

For example :
Seamus stole the selkie's skin and forced her to live with
him.
Pronouns
* The objective personal Personal
pronoun
"her" is the direct object of
Subject
Objectpersonal
form
the verb "forced" and
the form
objective
pronoun "him"
I
Me
is the object of the preposition
"with".
You

You

He

him

she

her

It

it

We

us

You

you

They

them

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
DEFINITION: We use the reflexive pronouns to indicate that the person
who realizes the action of the verb is the same person who receives
the action. Reflexive pronouns are identical in form to intensive
pronouns.
For example :
We defended ourselves brilliantly.
* In this example the reflexive pronoun "ourselves" refers back to the
subject of the sentence.
Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they
require an interaction between the subject and an object.
For example :
Jhon and myself are going to the movie.
* In this sentence, "Jhon" and "myself" are the subjects. Reflexive
pronouns cannot be subjects. This sentence is grammatically
incorrect.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
DEFINITION: Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns that
point to specific things. "This, that, these, those, none and
neither" are Demonstrative Pronouns that substitute nouns
when the nouns they replace can be understood from the
context. At the same time, to indicate whether they are close
or far, in space or time, from the speaker in the moment of
speaking. They also indicate whether they are replacing
singular or plural words.
This (singular) and "These" (plural) refer to an object or
person NEAR the speaker.
That (singular) and "Those" (plural) refer to an object or
person further AWAY

For example :
This is unbelievable.* In this example, "this" can refer to an
object or situation close in space or in time to the speaker.
That is unbelievable.
* In this example, "that" can refer to an object or situation
farther in space or in time to the speaker.
These are unbelievable.
* In this example, "these" can refer to some objects close in
space or in time to the speaker.
Those are unbelievable.
* In this example, "those" can refer to some objects farther in
space or in time to the speaker.
Position of Demonstration Pronoun
Before the noun.
Before the word 'one'.
Before an adjective + noun.
Alone when the noun is 'understood'

RELATIVE PRONOUN
DEFINITION: We use the relative pronouns to refer to a noun mentioned before
and of which we are adding more information. They are used to join two or more
sentences and forming in that way what we call "relative sentences".

For example :
People who speak two languages are called bilingual.
* In this example, the relative "who" introduces the relative sentence "speak two
languages" that describes or gives more information about the noun "people".
Relative pronouns as Subject or Object
As the relative pronouns relate to another noun preceding it in the sentence, they
connect a dependent clause to an antecedent (a noun that precedes the pronoun).
Therefore, relative pronouns acts as the subject or object of the dependent clause.
For example:
The chef who won the competition studied in Paris.
* Here, "who" relates back to (or is relative to) the noun "Chef". "Who" also acts as
the subject of the dependent clause and the verb "won".
=> The dependent clause: who won the competition.
=> The independent clause: The chef studied in Paris.

Referring to people: Who, Whom, Whoever,

Whomever
These pronouns take a different case depending
on whether the relative pronoun is a subject or an
object in the dependent clause.
1. Subjective case
Use the subjective case when these relative pronouns
are the subject (initiating the action) of the
dependent clause: Who, Whoever
For example:
Most workers, whoever was not employed by the
auto manufacturer, toiled at one of the millions of
little minnow companies.
* "Whoever" relates back to
the noun "workers" and is the subject of the
dependent clause and the verb "was employed".
2. Objective case
Use the objective case when these relative pronouns
are the object (receiving the action) of the dependent
clause: Whom, Whomever
For example:
This is the approach taken by journalists, whom
some consider to be objective.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
DEFINITION: An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used in
order to ask a question. They do not distinguish between
singular and plural, so they only have one form. Interrogative
pronouns produce information questions that require more
than a "yes" or "no" answer.
For example:
What is her phone number?
What do you want?
Interrogative pronouns are: What, Which, Who, Whose,
Whom.
WHAT can be used to ask about objects or people.
For example:
What time is it?
What is your name?

 WHICH can be used to ask about objects or

people.
For example:
Which chair are you talking about?
WHO can be used to ask about people
For example:
Who are you?
Who has been sitting in my chair?
WHOSE can be used to ask about a possession
relation.
For example:
Whose is this book?
Whose car did you drive here?
WHOM can be used to ask about people.It is less
usual and more formal than "who
For example:
Whom did you phone?
For whom will you vote?

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
DEFINITION: We use the Possessive Pronouns when we want
to substitute a group of words that are indicating a possession
relation.
For example:
Possessiv
Subject
e
This is my book.
I
Mine
You
Yours
* In this example, we can substitute "my
He
His
book" for the possessive pronoun "mine".
She
Hers
It
Its
=> This is mine.
We
You
They

Ours
Yours
Theirs

A possessive pronoun indicates it is acting as a subject

complement or a subject of the sentence.
For example:
The smallest gift is mine.
This is yours.
* Here the possessive pronouns acts as a subject
complement.
His is on the kitchen counter.
Theirs will be delivered tomorrow.
Ours is the green one on the corner.
* Here the possessive pronoun acts as the subject of the
sentence.

RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
DEFINITION: We use the reciprocal pronouns to indicate that two people can
carry out an action and get the consequences of that action at the same time.
There are two reciprocal pronouns:
1. Each Other
They enable you to simplify sentences where the same general idea is
expressed two or more times.
For example:
On their wedding day Jhon gave Mary a gold ring and Mary gave Jhon a gold
ring.
* Using the reciprocal pronoun, "each other", this could be rewritten:
=>On their wedding day Mary and Jhon gave each other gold rings.
2. One Another
If you need to refer to more than two people, say the students in a classroom,
then we could use the reciprocal pronoun, "one another".
For example:
The students in this classroom cooperate with one another.

INDEFINITE PRONOUN
DEFINITION: We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people
or things without saying exactly who or what they are. We use
pronouns ending in -body or -one for people, and pronouns
ending in -thing for things
For example :
Everybody enjoyed the concert.
I opened the door but there was no one at home.
It was a very clear day. We could see everything.

THANKYOU