Wind Tunnel

Test Section Size : c/s = 600mm x 600 mm

length = 200 mm
Maximum speed : 45m/s
(But required on 15m/s 17m/s for test project)
Honey comb size : 50mm x 50mm x 450mm
Power : 22KW/30HP AC motor
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.

Note initial manometer reading H

Start wind tunnel and run it at approx. 100rpm
Note down manometere reading 2H
Increase rpm in steps of 100 till it reaches 1300rpm and note
down manometer reading during each step.

Manometer

Motor

Tunnel (Interior)

Wind Load On Irregular Plan Shaped Tall

Building :
A Case Study

1. Introduction
The uncertainty regarding calculation of wind load is quite
high due to the vast ranges ofpossible interactions
betweenstructureandwind.
Thedevelopments of newbuilding materials and construction
techniques have enabled us tobuild newbuildings which are
tall and unsymmetrical. Naturally such structures are more
susceptible to windloads.
A structure, under the action of wind, experiences two types of
forces viz. drag and lift. While drag force is experienced along
the direction of flow, later occurs perpendicular to it.
Experimental program
The experiment was conducted in theBoundary layer wind
tunnel having dimension 2.0 m 2.0m 38.0 m at Wind
Engineering Centre, Department of Civil Engineering (IIT
Roorkee),. As per Indian standardfor wind load IS: 875 (part 3)
- 1987 at a geometric scale of 1 :300. The upstream velocity of
wind in the wind tunnel, at 1m height, was 10 m/s and
turbulenceintensity was 10%. Models were placed at a
distance of 12 m from upstream side.

Wind resistant structural systems

Mass and stiffness are the two properties that influence the
frequency of vibration of the building, and so directly relate to
how much it sways. In order to mitigate this motion, increasing
the mass is unfeasible and impractical because of its negative
results.
On the other hand, increasing the stiffness of the building,
namely the proper selection of the structural system is one of
the most efficient design approaches.
The resistance of tall buildings to wind as well as to
earthquakes is the main determinant in the formulation of new
structural systems that evolve by the continuous efforts of
structural engineers to increase building height while keeping
the deflection within acceptable limits and minimizing the
amount of materials.
An efficient structural system can provide an effective means
of controlling structural response to wind in lateral and torsional
directions.
Outrigger-belt, framed tube, exterior braced and bundled tube
systems are the most efficient structural systems against wind
loading. Basically there are three types of buildings.

Steel Buildings
Most of the tall buildings have steel structural system due to
high strength to weight ratio ease of assembly and field
installation economy in transport to the site, availability of
various strength levels and wider selection of sections.
Reinforced concrete building
The invention of reinforced concrete increased the significance
in use of concrete in the construction industry to a great extend
mobility characteristics and its structural fireproof properties.
Composite buildings
Composite construction, basically described by steel frame
stabilized by reinforced concrete.

Types of structural systems

Rigid frame systems

These are utilized in both steel and reinforced concrete
construction. Rigid frame system for resisting lateral and vertical
loads have long been accepted for the designing of buildings.
Braced frame systems
These are utilized in steel construction, it resists horizontal
loading and prevents bending of columns and girders.
Shear walled frame systems
These are utilized in both reinforced concrete and composite
construction. Shear walls may be described as a vertical
cantilevered beam which resists lateral wind and seismic loads.
Outrigger systems
These are modified form of braced frame and shear wall systems.
in comprises of a central core including either shear wall or braced
system, with horizontal outrigger trusses girders connecting the
core to the external columns.
The frame tube systems
It is the employment of closely spaced perimeter columns
interconnected by deep spandrels. It is an efficient system to
provide lateral resistance with or without columns rectangular and
square buildings and probably its most efficient use in these
shapes. Circular, triangular, trapezoidal forms could be employed
as well.