Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
TYPE OF THEODOLITE
Vertical axis
VERNIER THEODOLITE
Traverse/horizontal axis
Vertical circle rigidly fixed to
the telescope
Line of Sight
Alidade assembly
Horizontal circle
assembly
Levelling head assembly
Vernier theodolite is
also known and
transit.
A transit theodolite is
one in which the
telescope can be
rotated in a vertical
plane.
MAIN PARTS-2
MAIN PARTS-3
MAIN PARTS-4
MAIN PARTS-5
Reading a
theodolite
Important Definition
Changing face
Revolving the telescope by 180 in vertical plane
about horizontal axis
Again revolving the telescope in horizontal plane
about vertical axis.
method
Reiteration method
Measurements of
Deflection angle
magnetic bearing
P
B
A
N
Method of traversing
Included
angle method
Deflection angle method
Fast angle (or magnetic bearing method)
PROBLEM-1
While making survey through the woods, a surveyor with the hand
compass started from point A and walked a thousand steps in the direction
S67W and reached a point B. then he changed his direction and walked
512 steps in the direction N10E and reached a point C then again he
changed his direction and walked 15 04 steps in the direction S65E and
reached a point D as shown in Figure Now the surveyor wants to return to
the starting point A. In which direction should he move and how many
steps should he take.
Instrumental errors
Non
. Personal errors
Natural errors
High temperature causes error due to irregular refraction.
High winds cause vibration in the instrument, and this may
lead to wrong readings on verniers
Closing error
Balancing of traverse
Bowditchs rule:
PROBLEM
Length
WCB
AB
89.31
45 10
BC
219.76
72 05
CD
151.18
161 52
DE
159.10
228 43
EA
232.26
300 42