IC Engines

Assignment 1
Himanshu Ranjan
B12084
Mechanical Engineering

Gnome Engine

A rotary engine is essentially a standard Otto

cycle engine, but instead of having a fixed
cylinder block with rotating crankshaft as with a
conventional radial engine, the crankshaft
remains stationary and the entire cylinder block
rotates around it. In the most common form, the
crankshaft was fixed solidly to an aircraft frame,
and the propeller simply bolted onto the front of
the crankcase.

It is a unique type of engine such that the intake

valves are located within the pistons, this makes
it different from Otto four stroke engine.

This engine also follows four stroke cycle:1. Intake

2. Compression
3. Combustion
4. Exhaust

 Three key factors contributed to the rotary engines success are: 1.Smooth running: Rotaries delivered power very smoothly because (relative to the
engine mounting point) there are no reciprocating parts, and the relatively large
rotating mass of the cylinders acted as a flywheel.

2.Weight advantage: Many conventional engines had to have heavy flywheels added

to smooth out power impulses and reduce vibration. Rotary engines gained a
substantial power-to-weight ratio advantage by having no need for an added flywheel.

3.Improved cooling: When the engine runs the rotating cylinder block creates its own
fast-moving cooling airflow, even with the aircraft at rest.

Steam Locomotive Engine

Asteam locomotiveis arailway locomotivethat produces itspulling

powerthrough asteam engine. These locomotives are fuelled by
burning combustible material, usually coal, wood or oil, to produce
steam in aboiler.

Steam engines powered most trains from the early 1800s to the 1950s.
The engines varied in size and complexity

In a steam engine, the boiler (fuelled by wood, oil, or coal) continuously

boils water in an enclosed chamber, creating high-pressure steam. This
high pressure steam causes piston to move forward and backward.

Steam engines operates through four

different phases:-

First stroke:- In this the steam from

the boiler enters thesteam chestand
is admitted to the front end of the
cylinder by a valve slide (illustrated in
blue). The high pressure steam
presses the piston backward, driving
the engine wheels around one half
turn.

First stroke

Exhaust:- At the end of the piston

stroke, the valve shifts, allowing the
remaining steam pressure to escape
through the exhaust port underneath
valve slide (in blue).
Exhaust

Second stroke:- At the same time,

the valve slide begins admitting high
pressure steam to the back end of the
cylinder. This presses the piston
forward, pulling the engine wheels
around another half turn.
Second stroke

Exhaust:- At the end of the second

stroke, the steam is released from the
rear portion of the cylinder.

Exhaust

Two Cylinder Stirling Engine

AStirling engineis aheat enginethat operates by

cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas
(theworking fluid) at different temperatures, such that
there is a net conversion ofheatenergy to
mechanicalwork.

Stirling engines feature a completely closed system in

which the working gas is alternately heated and
cooled by shifting the gas to different temperature
locations within the system.

In the two-cylinder Stirling, one cylinder is kept hot

while the other is kept cool. In the shown figure, the
lower-left cylinder is heated by burning fuel. The other
cylinder is kept cool by air circulating through a heat
sink (using cooling fins).

The engine also has aregenerator, illustrated by the

chamber containing the green hatch lines. It is
constructed of material that readily conducts heat and
has a high surface area, typically a mesh of closely
spaced, thin metal plates. When hot gas is transferred
to the cool cylinder, it is first driven through the
regenerator, where a portion of the heat is deposited.
When the cool gas is transferred back, this heat is
reclaimed; thus the regenerator pre heats and pre
cools the working gas, improving efficiency.

The Stirling cycle can be thought of as

four different phases: expansion,
transfer, contraction, and transfer.

1.Expansion:- Most of the gas in the

system has just been driven into the

hot cylinder. The gas heats and
expands driving both pistons inward.

2.Transfer:- The gas has expanded

Expansion

(about 3 times in this example). Most

of the gas (about 2/3) is still located
in the hot cylinder. Flywheel
momentum carries the crankshaft the
next 90 degrees, transferring the bulk
of the gas to the cool cylinder.

Transfer

Contraction:- The majority of the

expanded gas has shifted to the cool
cylinder. It cools and contracts,
drawing both pistons outward.

Transfer:- The contracted gas is still

located in the cool cylinder. Flywheel
momentum carries the crank another
90 degrees, transferring the gas to
back to the hot cylinder to complete
the cycle.

Contraction

Transfer

Thank You