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KINETICS of PARTICLES
Newtons 2nd Law &
The Equation of Motion
F ma
Or
F ma
Kinetics is the study of the relations between the unbalanced forces and the
changes in motion that they produce.
Newtons 2nd law states that the particle will accelerate when it is subjected to
unbalanced forces. The acceleration of the particle is always in the direction of the
applied forces.
Newtons 2nd law is also known as the equation of motion.
To solve the equation of motion, the choice of an appropriate coordinate systems
depends on the type of motion involved.
Two types of problems are encountered when applying this equation:
The forces acting on the particle are specified, then the resulting motion will
be determined. Note that, if the forces are constant, the acceleration is also
constant and is easily found from the equation of motion. However, if the
forces are functions of time, position, or velocity, the equation of motion
becomes a differential equation which must be integrated to determine the
velocity and displacement.
In general, there are three general approaches to solve the equation of motion: the
direct application of Newtons 2nd law, the use of the work & energy principles, and
F2
F1
Free-body
Diagram
ma
P
Kinetic
Diagram
Rectilinear
Motion
F
F
ma x
Rectangula
r
Coordinate
Fx max s
n-t
Coordinate
s
F ma
F ma
ma y
a ax i a y j
2
a ax a y
Polar
Coordinate
s
F
F
a at et an e n
2
a at an
F F i F j
F F F
x
ma
2
a ar a
F F e F e
F F F
n n
mar
a ar e r a e
t t
F F e F e
F F F
r r
Exercise # 1
3/1: The 50-kg crate is projected along the floor with an
initial speed of 7 m/s at x = 0. The coefficient of kinetic
friction is 0.40. Calculate the time required for the crate to
come to rest and the corresponding distance x traveled.
Exercise # 2
3/2: The 50-kg crate of Prob. 3/1 is now projected down an
incline as shown with an initial speed of 7 m/s. Investigate
the time t required for the crate to come to rest and the
corresponding distance x traveled if (a) = 15 (b) = 30.
Exercise # 3
During a brake test, the rear-engine car is stopped from :3/4
an initial speed of 100 km/h in a distance of 50 m. If it is
known that all four wheels contribute equally to the braking
force, determine the braking force F at each wheel. Assume
.a constant deceleration for the 1500-kg car
Exercise # 4
3/17: The coefficient of static friction between the flat bed of
the truck and the crate it carries is 0.30. Determine the
minimum stopping distance s which the truck can have
from a speed of 70 km/h with constant deceleration if the
crate is not to slip forward.
Exercise # 5
3/54: The hollow tube is pivoted about a horizontal axis through
point O and is made to rotate in the vertical plane with a constant
.
counterclockwise angular velocity = 3 rad/s. If a 0.l-kg particle is
sliding in the tube toward O with a velocity of 1.2 m/s relative to the
tube when the position = 30 is passed, calculate the magnitude N
of the normal force exerted by the wall of the tube on the particle at
this instant.
Exercise # 6
3/71: A small object A is held against the vertical side of the rotating
cylindrical container of radius r by centrifugal action. If the coefficient
of static friction between the object and the container is s, determine
.