Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CONSTITUTION
CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India.
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India.
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
should
Should not
Red-card
4
Government
Constitution
...
The People
THE PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT
LEGISLATIVE
Makes Laws
JUDICIARY
Interprets Laws
EXECUTIVE
Enforces Laws
CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India.
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
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II. The second function of a constitution is to specify who has the power to
make decisions in a society. It decides how the government will be
constituted.
III. The third function of a constitution is to set some limits on what a
government can impose on its citizens. These limits are fundamental in
the sense that government may ever trespass them.
IV. The fourth function of a constitution is to enable the government to fulfill
the separations of a society and create conditions for a just society.
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India.
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
14
The time Before 500 AD is widely accepted as era of Ancient India. The earliest
anatomically modern human remains found in South Asia date from
approximately 30,000 years ago.
But regarding to Constitutional History, India goes back to only 3rd Century
BC(269 BC to 231 BC) in the time of the Emperor Ashoka The Great.
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2.1599AD-1765AD
3.1765AD-1858AD
East India Company takes total unified control over the whole of
India from a single center in Calcutta. But its rule ended with the
Revolt of 1857.
4.1858AD-1947AD
This period of the British Raj was the time when the Constitution
of India took shape.
5.1950AD
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The Act for the Better Government of India (1858)- This put India directly under the control
of the British government. It set up the office of the Secretary of State, member of the British
parliament, who would be in charge of Indian government. In India, the Governor-General,
working under the Secretary of State, led the administration.
Left Hunting of Indian Tigers, Right Famines and epidemics in the British Raj
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Indian Councils Act (1861)- A separate legislative council was set up to assist the GovernorGeneral in making laws. Indians could be appointed to the council, but only on the discretion of
the Governor-General.
III.
Indian Councils Act (1892)- As a result of Indian demands, the sizes of the executive and
legislative councils were increased. More Indians were appointed to these Councils, and the
principle of election was introduced.
IV.
Indian Councils Act (1909)- This act increased the sizes of the councils again, and also gave
the legislative council the power to discuss certain matters and to ask questions. More people
were elected to the councils.
V.
Government of India Act (1919)- This introduced 'diarchy' (partial responsible government) at
the provincial level. Elected Indians were given charge of some areas of government (e.g.,
industry, education) at the provincial level.
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VII. Indian Independence Act (1947)- The British gave up control of the Government of India to
two dominions - India and Pakistan. For the time being till the constitution was made, both of
them would be governed in accordance with the Government of India act 1935.
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India.
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
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First president (temporary) Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha (Left) on December 9, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad (Middle) the President
of the Constituent Assembly and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar (Right) the Chairman of its drafting committee as on December
11,1946 .
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First day (December 9, 1946) of the Constituent Assembly. From right: B. G. Kher and Sardar Vallabhai Patel;
K. M. Munshi is seated behind Patel.
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
32
Hindi (Left) and English (Middle) versions of Preamble as available in the First book of Constitution of India (Right).
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
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Constitution of India
Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles
Preamble 1
Parts 25
Fundamental Duties
Articles 450
Amendments 97
Schedules 12
Appendices 2
40
41
44
45
46
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2. Liberal Principles
1. Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, the State shall endeavor to formulate and implement a
Uniform civil-code for all the people living throughout the territory of India.
2. Article 45 of the Indian Constitution, the State shall endeavor to provide early childhood care
and education for all the children until they complete the age of six years.
3. Article 47 of the Indian Constitution, the State shall strive to raise the level of nutrition and the
standard of living. Thus, it will endeavor to improve upon the health of the people.
4. Article 48 of the Indian Constitution, the State shall strive to organize agriculture and husbandry
on modern and scientific lines. It will also try to maintain and improve upon the breed of the
animals.
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3. Gandhian Principles
1. Article 40, State will strive to organize Panchayats in villages and will endow them with such
powers which enable them to act as units of self government.
2. Article 43, the state shall strive to develop the cottage industry in the rural areas both, on
individual or cooperative basis.
3. Article 47,the state will strive to ban the consumption of wine, other intoxicating drinks and all
such commodities which are considered injurious to health.
4. Article 48 reveals that State will ban slaughtering of cows, calves and other milk cattle.
4. International principles
1. Article 51(a)- The State will strive to promote international peace and security.
2. Article 51(b)- The State will strive to maintain just and honorable relations among various states
in the world.
3. Article 51(c)- The State will endeavor to promote respect for International treaties, agreements,
and law.
4. Article 51(f )- The State will strive to settle international disputes by arbitration.
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Legislative
The Parliament of India =the
President of India + the two Houses
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
and Rajya Sabha (Council of
States).
Judiciary
The Supreme Court of India
consists of a Chief Justice and 30
associate justices
Executive
The President of India, Vice
President, Cabinet, executive
departments and agencies.
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
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8.Conclusion
A Constitution symbolizes independence of a country. Framework and structure
for the governance of a free country are provided in the Constitution. The
Constituent Assembly prepared the draft of the Constitution by keeping the
Objectives Resolution as the backdrop which reflected the aspirations of the
people of India.
The framing of the Constitution was completed on November 26, 1949 when the
Constituent Assembly formally adopted the new Constitution. The Constitution
came into force with effect from January 26, 1950.
8.Conclusion
Picture shows the pages from
the Constitution of India, at
the PARLIAMENT MUSEUM,
Parliament Library Building,
New Delhi.
PARLIAMENT
MUSEUM : A hightech story-telling
Museum depicting the
continuum of the
democratic heritage in
India has been
dedicated to the
Nation by
Dr. A P J Abdul
Kalam, President of
India on 14th August
2006.
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8.Conclusion
The Constitution of India has several distinctive features. It is the lengthiest
Constitution in the world and it is a combination of rigidity and flexibility. The
Constitution provides for a quasi-federal (It means a federal set up where
despite having two clear sets of government central and the states, more
powers are given to the Central Government.) set up with a strong centre.
There is a clear division of powers between the Centre and the States. The
Supreme Court of India, is the apex court of India which will resolve the
disputes between the centre and state or between the states.
India has a parliamentary democracy. The Council of Ministers headed by the
Prime Minister enjoys the real powers and is responsible to the Parliament. The
Indian Constitution provides for Fundamental Rights which are justifiable. Ten
Fundamental Duties have also been added to the Constitution. The Directive
Principles of State Policy give a concrete shape to the welfare concept.
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8.Conclusion
It is time to undertake a study of Indian Federalism with a view to valuate the
trends, frictions and difficulties which have developed in the area of intergovernmental relations and to seek to evolve ways and means to meet the
challenging task of making the Indian federation a more robust, strong and
workable system so that the country may meet the tasks of self-improvement
and development.
The responsibility lies on not only the jurists and policy framers, but also the
citizens of the country to work in a harmonious manner for the development of
the country.
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CONTENTS
1.What Is Constitution Anyway?
2.Why Do We Need Constitution?
3.The History of Constitution of India.
4.The Framing of Constitution of India
5.The Preamble to Constitution of India.
6.What Is The constitution of India?
7.Main Characteristics of Constitution of
India.
8.Conclusion
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