4760 Unit 1 2014-I-01

ENGR 4760U
Ethics, Law and

Professionalism for
Engineers
Unit 1 The Engineering Profession
2014-I-01
Dr. J. Michael Bennett, P.Eng., PMP
Dr. Kamiel Gabriel, P.Eng.
UOIT
Change Record
2014-I-01 Initial Creation
2014-I-01
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Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014
1-2
Course Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The Engineering Profession

Ethics
Engineering Law
Intellectual and Industrial Property
Conflict Resolution
The Contracting Process
Other Legal Issues for Professional Engineers
Occupational Health and Safety
Privacy Issues
Legal Landmines in E-Commerce
International Trade
Environmental Laws and Regulations
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1 The Engineering
Profession
1.1 History of Engineering 005

1.2 Structure of the Associations
074
1.3 Licensing details 091
1.4 Professional misconduct
107
1.5 The Accreditation Process 128
1.6 Birth of a New Branch of
Engineering: Software Engineering
179
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1.1 History of Engineering
What IS engineering?
An engineer is a person who can build
for a dime, what any damn fool can
build for a dollar
Engineers BUILD things that people
want to use
Emphasis of utility, economy, safety
Compare Software Engineering with
Computer Science
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History of Engineering
Very old proffesionfrom the dawn
of civilization to modern times,
Romans had superb engineers,
who marched with their well
equipped armies Greeks (Greek
fire)
Persians could build great bridges
(Hellespont in 480 BC)
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History
engineer comes from the Latin
ingenium = cleverness, intelligence,
genius
First engineers were civil engineers
Then naval engineers
Then military engineers (artillery, etc.)
Recall: Need is the mother of
invention
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Industrial Revolution
Fueled by engineers in the 19th
century
But the concept of regulation
became very critical as people
were being killed by bad
engineering claimed many lives
(cf: medicine)
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20 Century
th
Laurier got it wrong

The 20th century belongs to
Engineers
Imagine what life would be like
without engineer?
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21 Century
st
Engineers have been too focused on the

construction of the immediate end
product
Have not considered Life Cycle costs
For example, automobiles
All of the pollution has been created by
US!
Now we are concerned about ethical
stewardship in engineering
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Regulating Engineers
2 weeks ago I kundnt spail engineer
and now I are one (old cartoon)
As the 19th century progresses, more
public pressure to regulate the practice
of engineering.
Any damn fool could hang up a sign
saying she was an engineer
cf: automobiles in 1915 & software
today
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Case Study 1: High Pressure

Boilers
Low-pressure boilers
40,000 deaths in the 19 th century
Led to thermodynamics (They
already new a bit, but not as much
as we do today)
Also better metallurgical
engineering
By 20th century, no more deaths
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First Step
Apprenticeship programs
Too slow, did not scale well, no
quality control
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Case Study 2: Qubec

Bridge
Galvanized Canada into regulating

engineering
ex: Quebec Bridge
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A Tale of Two
(Canadian)
Bridges
The Qubec Bridge (Longest

cantilever span)
The Confederation Bridge (longest
over ice)
Both were the Biggest in their class
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Qubec Bridge
Was to bridge St Lawrence at Lvis,
just south of Qubec City
Had to be a cantilever design because
of sea traffic up the St. Lawrence
Firth of Forth bridge (Scotland) had
been built earlier so design sound
Planned start date 1905; finish date
1908
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Some Details
Picked Theodore Cooper, an American engineer from NYC

(best bridge-builder in the world)-His decisions on
technical matters were final.
No Canadians please
Deck design was 8 million pounds too light
Trouble seen in small bendings was pointed out by
technical inspector Norman McLure)
Bad communication resulted in loss of lives.
Cooper never saw the site (only visited his site only once)
Crashed 29August, 1907, killing 75 workers
Finished 1919, by a Canadian!
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Sad details
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Happy Details Today!
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Confederation Bridge
Fixed link from PEI to NB
1993-1997
Four years, 1 $Gig
On-time, on-budget, on-quality
Longest span over ice-covered
waters in the world (12.9 km)
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today
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PEI-NB
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Aftermath of QB
Realization that engineering needed
to be regulated.
Provincial governments passed first
Acts to license professional engineers.
Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer
(chain and iron ring)
Began a 30 year process towards
professionalization
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Definition of Profession
a self-selective, self-disciplined
group of individuals who hold
themselves out to the public as
possessing a special skill derived
from training and education and
are prepared to exercise that skill
in the interests of others
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Must also be a Law

It is illegal to practice engineering
unless you are certified by the
profession
Now it is normally the case that
you must be a graduate of an
accredited engineering program at
a university
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Why do we need
regulation?
Protection of the public

Need to guarantee quality
Not a guarantee that we never fail
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In Fact@!
Engineers learn from FAILURE! Not
success.
Tacoma Narrows Bridge for
example
Challenger disaster
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Whenever a Plane
crashes.
In the old days, it is blamed on some

Aero engineer who may have screwed
up
Today, some software engineer
screwed up
Example of early Airbuses
Chinese got it right in Y2K. The SEs
were in Chinese aircraft at the
millennium IN THE AIR!
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Never Forget
Doctors kill their patients one at a
time
Engineers kill them by the
thousands!
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Quote
To err is human, but to really foul
things up, you need a computer
Paul Ehrlich
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So How Are We Doing?

April, 2006. 3,874 US software
projects reporting
47% were
Troubled
Troubled
and recovered
Troubled and failed
Answer: BAAAAAAAAD!
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Top 5 Symptoms of Troubled

Projects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Critical issues in meeting milestones/completing

deliverables
High risk that project will not deliver anticipated
results
Project forecasted to be unacceptably late
Project IS unacceptably behind schedule now
Critical technical issues with the project
Center for Business Practices Troubled Projects, Apr 2K6 [PMN
Aug 2K6]
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Top Reasons for Poor Proj

When serving on the team, employees arent relieved
Performance
of routine responsibilities..... 84%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Employees do not receive PM training.... 80%

Teams arent given enough resources.............. 69%
Project teams throughout the Organization fail to
follow a standard PM methodology.... 62%
The right people arent on the team..... 55%
Teams do not have clear, attainable goals... 46%
PM Network May 2006 (Quality Progress magazine)
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Engineering Failure
(Success has a hundred fathers; Failure is an
orphan Count Ciano)
Project failure
Schedule
overrun
Cost overrun
Cancellation
Product failure
Death
and injury
Expensive recalls
Legal liabilities
Organizational embarrassment
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Some Recent Schedule

Disasters
Bostons
Big Dig............................196%
(NBSchedule
Overruns
normally go with Cost Overruns!)
so
Humber Bridge UK......................175%
Boston-NY-Washington rr.......130%
Great Belt rail tunnel DK...........110%
Shinkansen Bridge JP................100%
Chunnel.............................................80%
resund access links DK............70%
Great Belt link.................................54%
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Spectacular Projects c
Spectacular
COs
Suez Canal..............................1,900%
Sydney Opera House..........1,400%
Concorde.................................1,100%
Panama Canal (USA)..............200%
Brooklyn Bridge......................100%
Firearms........................1,000,000%
Pickering A Rehab...300%
Confederation Bridge.................0%
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And of Course, Canadian

Examples
Montreal
Olympics [1976]!
We
JUST finished paying for it!

Note that the LA Olympics MADE $100M!
Vancouver on budget
OPG Pickering A Unit 1Rehab (300%

CO, 2 years late)
Note what happened to Chairman,
CEO, CFO!
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Deadly Projects
Quebec Bridge
Chernobyl killed many people
Challenger, Columbia disasters
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All Three!
First Panama Canal (200% overrun,

did not finish, 20,000 men died)
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Embarrassing Operational
Examples
TMI
Fukushima Nuclear
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Strategic Failures
(building something
no one wants)
Iridium
$5 billion spent
Way late (12 years)
Needed 400,000 subscribers to
break even; had 10,000 when it
chaptered-11ed
Bought for $25M!
Massive strategic misalignment!
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Deadly Engineering
Hyatt-Regency walkways collapse
(114 dead)
Ocean Ranger sinking (88 dead)
Thresher sinking (129 dead)
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Viability depends on
Estimated
ROI Actuals/Forecasts (%)
Project
CO(%)
Denver Airport
200
used)
Humber Bridge 175
Chunnel
80
Baltimore Metro 60
Portland Metro
55
Buffalo Metro
Paris Nord
25
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50 (Actually
25
18
40
45
50
30
25
43
Why?
Politicos LIE
Need to get the big ones done
Note that the projected usage
NEVER even comes CLOSE to the
actuals
They do NOT calculate the total
life cycle cost of the project (i.e.
the effect on the environment!)
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Some MegaProjects to
Watch
Chinas Three Gorges Dam

Hong Kongs Chek Lap Kok airport
Thailands 650 km MyanmarThailand pipeline
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The North American SW

YourdanCard
reports that 25% of large
Report
projects NEVER finish and the average

MIS project is one year late and 100%
over budget.
Standish Group (Chaos Report) reports
that (1995)
31.1% projects will be canceled before completion
51.5.7% of them will average 189% overruns
only 16.2% are completed on-time, on-budget
for Fortune 500, 9% will do so
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Some Very Costly SW

Projects
AAT/CAATs
CONFIRM
Allstate, Denver Airport
TAURUS
CA DMV
Mars Probes
Ariane V rocket
Hershey meltdown
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Some Very SW Deadly

Projects
Therac 25
The Patriot Missile
The LAS Debacle
Several Air Bus disasters
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More SW Chernobyl
Awards
Badly
managed
projects withAuerbach)
terrible consequences
(M. Mische;
Reengineering
Floridas Welfare System Project; $100M
IRS Automation Effort
$3.3Gs
wasted
Not a single line of code
cf: Canada Revenue Agency
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The Auditor-Generals
Report
Report to Parliament, October 1995
Chapter 12 analyzed 4 major IT projects, with a total cost (to date of $500,000,000).
PSCS (PWGSC) $61M spent when cancelled
ISPR (HRC) needs continual corrective action
CDFS (PWGSC) used by 1 of 20 users!(95)
IDFS (TC)
descoped to remain on target
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Big 3 Reasons
Poor project planning
Weak business case
Lack of top management support
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And The Usual Suspects

Used new/unproven technologies
Vendors did not meet commitment
Poor estimates
Lack of requirements definition
(Example Windows 8)
No risk management
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Successes
Confederation Bridge ($1G, ontime)

Designed
to last 100 years

PEI promised a bridge in 1871
Newfoundland to PEI (billion dollars to
build)
Millau Gorge Bridge ($600M, 5

years)
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Frances Millau Gorge

Bridge
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Hoovers Quote
It is a great profession. There is the satisfaction of watching a figment of the imagination emerge
through the aid of science to a plan on paper. Then it moves to realization in stone or metal or
energy. Then it brings jobs and homes to humans. Then it elevates the standards of living and
adds to the comforts of life. That is the engineer's high privilege.
The great liability of the engineer compared to people of other professions is that his works are out
in the open where all can see them. Her acts, step by step, are in hard substance. He cannot bury
his mistakes in the grave like the doctors. She cannot argue them into thin air or blame the judge
like the lawyers. He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures with trees and vines. She cannot,
like the politicians, screen her shortcomings by blaming his opponents and hope that the people
will forget. The engineer simply cannot deny that he did it. If her works do not work, she is
damned. That is the phantasmagoria that haunts his nights and dogs his days. She comes from
the job at the end of the day resolved to calculate it again. He wakes in the night in a cold sweat
and puts something on paper that looks silly in the morning. All day she shivers at the thought of
the bugs which will inevitably appear to jolt her smooth consummation.
On the other hand, unlike the doctor, hers is not a life among the weak. Unlike the soldier,
destruction is not his purpose. Unlike the lawyer, quarrels are not her daily bread. To the engineer
falls the job of clothing the bare bones of science with life, comfort and hope.
No doubt as years go by people forget which engineer did it, even if they ever knew. Or some
politician puts her name on it. Or they credit it to some promoter who used other peoples money
with which to finance it. But the engineer himself looks back at the unending stream of goodness
that flows from his successes with satisfactions that few professions may know. And the verdict of
her fellow professionals is all the accolade she wants.
- Herbert Hoover
The Profession of Engineering (from his memoirs)
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Defn of Professional
Engineering
Any act of
designing,
composing, evaluating,
advising, reporting, directing or
supervising wherein the safeguarding
of life, health, property or public
welfare and that requires the
application of engineering principles.
(DCEARDS) Need to know for one
exam
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Examples of Professions
Doctors
Nurses
Lawyers
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Examples of NonProfessions
Computer science
Natural science in general
Professional athletes (Not
professional)
Garbage collectors (sanitation
engineers)
Housewives (home engineers)
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Authority
Mandated by Law in each of the 62
legal North American jurisdictions
Is in provincial/state jurisdiction
In Ontario,
Professional
Engineers Act. Chpt P.28

Regulation 941 (as mandated by above)
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Canadian Accredited
Programs
Aerospace
Agricultural
Agricultural+Bioreso
urce
Biological
Bio-resource
Building
Ceramic
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Chemical
Chemical +
Biochemical
Civil
Communications
Computer
Computer Systems
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Eng Prof cont..
Electrical
Electronic Systems
Engineering Chemistry
Engineering Physics
Engineering Science
Engineering
Science+Computing
Environmental
Environmental
Systems
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Extractive Metallurgy
Forest
Geological
Geomatics
Industrial
Industrial Systems
Integrated
Manufacturing
Materials
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And Mo!
Mathematics+Eng
Mechanical
Metallurgical
Mining
Mining and Mineral
Process
Metals and Materials
Ocean and Naval
Architectural
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Petroleum
Oil and Gas
Software
Systems Design
Plus management
options in most
plus French ones
too (Gnie
Logicial)
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Evolution of Licensing
Laws
1887 CSCEs meet

Morphed into Engineering Institute
of Canada in 1918
Initially engineers were apprenticed
EIC led charge to get it into
Universities
Wyoming first to regulate
engineering in 1907
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Closing of the Profession

Began in 1922
Finished in Ontario in 1937
(Ontario Lasted)
Must be Licenced to call yourself
an engineer
CS coders are NOT software
engineers!
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Regulation is a Provincial
Matter
12 in Canada
50 in the USA
Rest of the world is very sketchy!
Why your cab driver might be an
engineer from Elbonia (Dilbert,
Dude)
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Canadian Licencing Bodies

Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of BritishColumbia (A
PEGBC)
Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists ofAlberta
(APEGGA
Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province ofMan
itoba (APEGM)
Engineers and GeoscientistsNewBrunswick
Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists ofSaskatchewan (APEG
S)
Engineers Nova Scotia
Engineers PEI
Association of Professional Engineers ofYukon (APEY)
Northwest Territories and Nunavut Association of Professional Engineers and Ge
oscientists (NAPEG)
Ordre des ingnieurs duQubec (OIQ)
Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Newfoundland andLabrador (PEGN
L)
Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO)
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All Acts contain at least

this:
Purpose of the Act

Legal definition of an engineer
Procedure of establishing the Association
Standards for admission
Procedures for establishing regulations
Procedures for establishing bylaws to
govern the Association
Code of Ethics
Disciplinary procedures
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Relevant Engineering
Bodies
The 12! Esp PEO
OSPE
OCEPP (centre for engineering and public
policy)
engineerscanada (EC) business name of CCPE
(Canadian Council of Professional Engineers)
(Definition of Engineer is the same in every
province so can work anywhere in Canada)
CEAB (Canadian Engineering Accreditation
Board)
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PEO
Licenses us all
Voice of formal P Eng.
Handles the discipline of baddies
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OPSE
Promotes and supports excellence in all aspects
of engineering by:
- Enhancing the professional recognition of
Ontario's engineers by advocating to governments
and employers;
- Increasing the public profile of Ontario's engineers
by initiating proactive communications programs;
- Advancing the economic interests of Ontario's
engineers by offering exemplary continuing
education, career advancement and affinity
programs.
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OCEPP
As a new department of Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO), OCEPP is committed to

supporting and enhancing PEOs regulatory focus in the public policy arena. Its mission
is to
help impact government policy at all stages through greater awareness to
stakeholders of key policy issues that affect engineering;
encourage engineers to take ownership and lead the public safety, sustainability and
protection of the environment agendas and present a clear vision of the professions
mandate and contributions in these roles;
promote to government and business leaders, association executives and policymakers the value of engineering expertise and encouraging them to seek out and
carefully consider this expertise when drafting and reviewing policy affecting public
safety;
help PEO mobilize engineers and technology stakeholders around policy priorities,
such as developing policy-savvy engineers;
promote to engineers the importance of and strategies for becoming more engaged in
the development and review of public policy; and
assist PEO and the engineering profession in the development and review of
regulatory-related policy.
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OCEPPs mandate is
fivefold:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
to engage professional engineers in the development

and review of public policy;
to promote the expertise and value of engineers to
senior decision-makers and policy-makers;
to connect engineers with key decision-makers,
legislators, policy-makers and other influential groups;
by focusing on regulatory engineering and public policy
issues, contribute to PEOs goal to become the globalleader in self-regulation; and
engage Ontario university students pursuing
engineering or policy studies, as they will comprise the
next generation of PEO members and policy leaders.
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Organizational
Responsibilities
A large majority (82%) of students correctly identified that PEO is the organization responsible for licensing
engineers, while two-thirds (65%) named PEO the body that regulates the practice of professional engineers.
Only one-in-four knew that PEO issues certificates of authorization to companies offering engineering services
(39%) and that OSPE advocates on behalf of the engineering profession (37%). Three-in-ten (27%) final year
engineering students correctly named Engineers Canada as the organization that accredits University
engineering programs.
Which Organization is Responsible for Each of the

Following Activities ?
PEO
(n=740)
82%
PEO
65%
(n=592)
PEO
OSPE
39%
37%
CEAB
27%
(n=352)
(n=352)
(n=338)
(n=269)
(n=260)
(n=254) (n=142)
(n=216)
(n=159)
(n=85)
(n=38)
(n=144)
(n=127)
(n=108)
(n=71)
(n=76)
(n=83)
(n=21)
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Q9. Please indicate the organization responsible for each of the activities/ procedures listed below. Base: All respondents 2009,
n=907; not asked in 2008
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1.2 Our Vehicle: The Association

(PEO)
Who: any Licenced member
Why: its principle object is to
regulate the pope and govern its
members so that the public
interest may be served and
protected
pope = profession of professional engineering
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Legal authority
Law of Ontario
Professional Engineers Act 1984,
1990, 2011
Regulation 941
Each of the 12 in Canada has an
act
Necessary for any profession
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Additional Objects
Establish, maintain and develop standards
of knowledge and skills among members
E,m,and d standards of qualification and
standards of practice for the profession of
engineering
E,m and d standards of professional ethics
Promote public awareness of PEO
To perform other duties as specified
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Formal Definition of POPE
means any act of designing, composing,

evaluating, advising, reporting, directing,
supervising, planning and the management of
professional engineering, wherein the
safeguarding of life, health, property or public
welfare is concerned and that requires the
application of engineering principles, but does
not include practicing as a natural scientist
DCEARDSPM
Last 2 added in 2011
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P.Eng. Seal
Issued by Prov Assoc
Must sign, date and affix the seal
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Certificate of Authorization
Must be a P.Eng. + have a Certificate
of Authorization to perform POPE
The C of A is acquired by the
Corporation which
Identifies
the P.Eng. who is responsible

for the work AND
Obtains liability insurance
More to Kum
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The Problem with

Architects
Duties described in new Act

Client can chose either as prime
consultant
Joint Practice Board liaises
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Council
Governing body of PEO
Shall manage and administer its
affairs
Council appoints CEO and Registrar
(Roger Barker) and Deputy
Registrars
Also a secretary general
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PEOs Five Regions

Western (west of TO, P Credit, Niagara)
West Central (west TO to Algoma)
East Central (east TO to Peterborough)
Eastern (Peterborough east to Quebec)
Northern (Algoma, Manitoulin North
and West)
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Composition
The eighteen
3
elected at large
2 from each of the 5 regions
Two elected by Members as P-E

and a VP
Three more, president, vicepresident (from council or at
general meeting), past-pres.
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Major Committees
Nominating
Executive
Fees Mediation
Registration
Academic Requirements
Experience Requirements
Consulting Engineering Designation
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Nominating Committee
PPP, IPP, P 2 other Members
Suggest names
Run the elections
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Executive Committee
P, P-E, IPP, 2 VPs, 1 or more Council
members as appointed
Acts for Council in emergencies but
must report
Act as appointed by Council
May advise CEO on matters of policy
May make plans, reviews forecasts
etc.
Reports to CCPE
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Fees Mediation Committee

Members appointed by Council
Adjudicates complaints
Manages complaints
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Registration Committee
nlt 2 members of Council
appointed by LGO
nlt 3 members appointed by
Council
Adjudicates licence applications
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Academic Requirements
Comm.
Assesses the ARs
Makes recommendations to
registrar
Decides on what examinations
must be taken by applicant
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Experience Requirements
Comm.
Checks out the licence application

(3 types)
Can request interview
Can demand English competency
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1.3 Licensing
Full
Temporary (for non-residents)
Provisional (under the supervision of a
P.Eng.)
Limited
Also:
Foreign License, and
Engineer-in-Training
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Provisional Licence
A provisional licence may be issued to an applicant for a

professional engineer (P.Eng.) licence who has satisfied all of
PEOs licensing requirements except for the minimum 12
months of verifiable and acceptable engineering experience in
a Canadian jurisdiction, under the supervision of a professional
engineer Licenced in the jurisdiction in which the work was
undertaken
To qualify for a provisional licence, a P.Eng. licence applicant
will have:
2014-I-01
satisfied PEOs academic requirements for licensing;

passed PEOs Professional Practice Examination; and
demonstrated to PEOs satisfaction at least 36 months of acceptable and
verifiable engineering experience outside of Canada (for applications
received after June 30, 1998).
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Limited Licence (for CS)
Scope of Practice: Teaching courses that are primarily

engineering science and engineering design and doing
engineering-related research with a university.
Must have these requirements:
1. Must have a total of 13 years of experience in engineering work, including
the years spent in obtaining the post-secondary academic training;
2. Must have at least one year of such experience under the supervision and
direction of a licence holder authorized to practise professional
engineering in the province or territory in Canada in which the experience
was acquired;
3. Must have at least the last two years of the experience in the services
within the practice of professional engineering with respect to which the
limited licence is to apply.
4. Must pass the Professional Practice Examination
5. Must be of good character.
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Consulting Engineering
Designation
Must have 5 years as a P.Eng.

Etc. etc. etc.
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Membership; a natural
person who
Is a Canadian citizen (or perm resident)

Is not less than 18
Has appropriate Academic
qualifications plus passed PEO exams if
mandated
Has completed the experience reqs (4
years)
Is of good character
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Licencing Process
Application
received by
PEO
Evaluation of
Academic
Qualifications
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Licence
Awarded
Professional
Practice
Examination
UOIT
Evaluation of
Engineering
Experience
Approval by
PEO
Registrar
1-96
Experience
Generally must have 4 years
experience
Has to be in an engineering area,
preferably under a P.Eng.
Experience needs to be current
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Quality of Experience
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Application of theory
Practical experience
Management of engineering
(Super Vision)
Communications skills
(Oral/Writing)
Social implications of engineering
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Experience Credits
Must have at least 12 months under
a P.Eng., in Canada!
Can count 12 months for
postgraduate work
Can also claim undergraduate work
experience if relevant (up to 12
months)
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Certificate of Authorization
A Certificate of Authorization is a licence issued

by PEO to allow individuals and business entities
to offer and provide professional engineering
services to the public, as distinct from a Licence
issued to individuals to practise professional
engineering. Section 12(2) of the
Professional Engineers Act states: "No
person shall offer to the public or engage in the
business of providing to the public services that
are within the practice of professional
engineering except under and in accordance with
a certificate of authorization."
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Grey Areas: consult the

PEO
Teaching
Sales and marketing
Military service
Project management
Operations and maintenance
Computer engineering
Software engineering
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Are you practising

Professional
If what you do meets all three of these tests, you
Engineering?
are practising professional engineering and must
be licenced by the association.
1. any act of designing, composing, evaluating, advising,

reporting, directing or supervising;
2. wherein the safeguarding of life, health, property or
the public welfare is concerned, and
3. that requires the application of engineering principles,
but does not include practising as a natural scientist.
1.
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You need a CofA if you

providing PE services to the
public
If you "hang out your shingle"; advertise and promote yourself - either
personally or through a legal entity such as a company or partnership
- as offering professional engineering services, a C of A is required.
If you provide professional engineering services to the public through
the sale of a product that is custom-designed or an original (as
opposed to an off-the-shelf product), a C of A is required.
If you work for others, but offer professional engineering services
directly to the public on a part-time, moonlighting, or volunteer basis,
you must hold a C of A. Under these circumstances, you should also,
as a matter of professional courtesy, inform your employer that you
are undertaking such work, so as to avoid potential conflicts of
interest. In addition, you should provide your client with a written
statement of the nature of your status as an employee and the
attendant limitations on your services to the client.
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You may NOT need a CofA if

you providing PE Services to
However, if the firm requiring your engineering expertise offers
a contract
for service, a Certificate of Authorization will likely be
Boss,
yourself
required. You are likely working under a contract for service and
would thus require a C of A if: your contract indicates an

independent contract or relationship, or the firm purchases your
time from an agency;
you are free to provide your business services to more than one
firm;
you invoice the business for your time;
you are not paid if services are not performed;
you are not covered by the firm's professional liability
insurance;
you are not restricted as to hours of work;
you receive no vacation pay or bonuses.
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If your firm hires you out

and ...
you are free to provide your business services to more

than one firm;
you invoice the business for your time;
you are not paid if services are not performed;
you are not covered by the firm's professional liability
insurance;
you are not restricted as to hours of work;
you receive no vacation pay or bonuses.
You
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likely need a CofA

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CofA Requirements
P.Eng.
5 yrs of professional experience
(after degree)
Cost $693.00 Renewable at
$346.50
Penalty (sec 40) up to $25K for
first offence, up to $50K for
subsequents
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1.4 Professional
Misconduct
Negligence ( an act or omission in

the carrying out of the work of a
practitioner that constitutes a
failure to maintain the standards
that a reasonable and prudent
practitioner would maintain in the
circumstances)
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PM means
a) Negligence (as just defined)
b) Failure to make reasonable
provision for the safeguarding of life
or property of a person who may be
affected by the work
c) Failure to act to correct or report a
situation that the practitioner
believes may endanger the safety or
welfare of the public
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PM cont..
d) Failure to make reasonable
provisions for complying with
applicable statutes, regulations,
standards, codes, by-laws and rules
in the work
e) Signing (sealing) a report, final
drawing, specification, plan or other
document not actually prepared by
the practitioner
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PM cont..
f) Failure to present clearly to the
employer, consequences to be
expected from a deviation proposed
in the work, if he is overruled by a
non-technical authority where he is
the technical authority
g) Breach of the Act, other than an act
that is solely a breach of the code of
ethics
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h) Undertaking work that he is not

competent to perform by virtue of
his training and experience
i) Failure to make prompt, voluntary
and complete disclosure of any
conflict of interest to the public,
employer or client
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Specific Conflicts of
Interest
i1) accepting compensation in any form

for a service from more than one
party
i2) submitting a tender or acting as a
contractor on any work that he is
engineering
i3) participating in the supply of
material or equipment to be used by
employer or client
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Mo Conflicts
i4) contracting in his own right to
perform professional services for
other than his employer
i5) expressing opinions or making
statements about the practice of
engineering of public interest
where the opinions are inspired or
paid for by other interests
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PM
j) Any act that would be reasonably regarded
by the profession as disgraceful,
dishonourable or unprofessional
k) Failure to abide by the terms, conditions of
the licence, temp licence or certificate
l) Failure to supply documents requested by
an investigator under section 34 of the Act
m) Assisting anyone who is not a P.Eng. in the
practice of P.Enging
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1 Discipline Committee (S
28)
a)
b)
c)
Hear and determine allegations of

PM when directed by the Council
Hear and determine under
sections 24,27 or 37
Perform such duties as assigned
by C
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2) The DC can find for PM

if
a)
b)
He is guilty of an offense relevant

to suitability to practise
He is guilty of PM in the DCs
opinion as per the definitions
previous
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3) DC can declare him

incompetent if
a)
b)
Lack of knowledge, skill, judgment

or lack of welfare for the public in
carrying the PE work (this is
covered under section H of PM
previous)
Physical or mental condition
making it desirable to restrict or
prohibit him from practising P.Eng.
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4) DC can then do 11
things
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Revoke the licence (or CA, TL, LL)

Suspend for up to 24 months
Accept his word to limit the
professional work to a specified
extent
Require him to take specified
courses
Impose licence restrictions
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Licence Restrictions
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Engage PE only under the

personal supervision of a Member
Require him to not alone
engage
Require periodic inspections by
the DC or designee
Require him to report to the DC
or its designee
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More Possible DC Actions

f) Require that he be reprimanded,
admonished or counselled and that
this may be recorded on the Register
for a stated or unlimited period of time
g) Revoke the designation of specialist
or CE
h) Impose a fine of up to $5,000
i) Publish the case
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More
j) Force him to pay costs
k) Suspend the penalty imposition
until
i) completion of a course
ii) presentation of proof that
handicap has been overcome
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5) Publish the Results

The DC shall cause an order of the
Committee, with or without
reasons, to be published in the
official publication of the
Association with the name of the
member.
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Governing Relationships
Provincial Government
Professional Engineering Act
Council
election
Professional Assoc of PEs
CCPE
licence
Admission
CEAB
Communication
Licenced Engineer
Discipline
member
Professional
Development
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member
Engineering
Societies
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CCPE
Established in 1936
Federation of all provincial and
territorial associations that licence
engineers
Tries to coordinate all engineering
activities in Canada
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engineerscanada (EC)
Brand name of CCPE [2009]
Coordinates 12 provincial bodies
Coordinates accreditation of all
engineering programs in Canada
Does this in the form of an
accreditation visit
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CEQB
Deals with matters concerning
qualifications for entering the
engineering profession
Particularly important for
evaluation foreign applicants
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Canadian Academy of
Engineers
Elite body of no more than 250

Fellows are elected
Generally promotes the profession
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Demographics (152KM,
8KF)
YT
SK
QB
PEI
ON
NS
Male
Female
NWT
NF
NB
MA
BC
AB
0
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10,000
20,000
UOIT
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
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1.5 The CEAB Accreditation

Process
1.5.1 Genesis
1.5.2 Current Status
1.5.3 The Accreditation Assessment
1.5.4 Rough Timelines
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1.5.1 Genesis
Established in 1965 by the CCPE
Role is to test and evaluate
undergraduate engineering
programs offered at Canadian
universities and to award
recognition to programs which
meet the required standards
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Structure of CEAB
Composed of 15 professional engineers
from private, public and academic sectors
Members are volunteers
Represent different parts of the country
and different engineering disciplines
Terms of Reference are defined in the
CEAB Policy Statement
Is a standing subcommittee of the CCPE
Liaises with the Provincial associations
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Current CEAB Membership

(2010)
CHAIR
MEMBERS
Jacinta OBrien, P.Eng.
VICE-CHAIR
Ren Rochette, P.Eng.
PAST-CHAIR
G. Ross Peters, FEC,
P.Eng.
SECRETARY
Gordon Griffith, P.Eng.

EC Board Representatives
Dave Ennis, P.Eng.
Dave Chalcroft P.Eng.
SECRETARIAT
Lynn Villeneuve, LL.B.
Maria Arrieta M. S. Sc.
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Paul Amyotte, FEC, P.Eng.

Svetlana Brezv, P.Eng.
Michel Couturier, P.Eng.
Guy Gendron, ing.
Rosamund Hyde, P.Eng.
Dick Kind, P.Eng.
Grard Lachiver, ing.
Jim Lee, P.Eng.
Wayne MacQuarrie, P.Eng.
Malcom J. Reeves, P.Eng.
K. Christopher Watts,P.Eng.
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1.5.2 Current Status

36 universities have at least 1
certified program
We are the 37th
There are 96 accredited programs
already
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Accredited programs
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
AGRICULTURAL AND BIORESOURCE
ENGINEERING
BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
BIO-RESOURCE ENGINEERING
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
BUILDING ENGINEERING
CERAMIC ENGINEERING
CERAMIC ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
CHEMICAL & BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
CIVIL ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SYSTEMS

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
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COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
ENGINEERING PHYSICS AND MANAGEMENT
ENGINEERING PHYSICS AND SOCIETY
ENGINEERING SCIENCE
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND COMPUTING
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
EXTRACTIVE METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
1-134
Accredited programs
cont..
EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY
FOOD ENGINEERING
FOREST ENGINEERING
FUELS AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
GNIE AGROENVIRONNEMENTAL
GNIE DE LA CONSTRUCTION
GNIE DE LA PRODUCTION AUTOMATISE
GNIE DES MINES
GNIE DES MINES ET DE LA MINRALURGIE
GNIE DES SYSTMES
LECTROMCANIQUES
GNIE LECTROMCANIQUE
GNIE ET GESTION DE LA CONSTRUCTION
GNIE MCANIQUE MANUFACTURIER
GEO-ENGINEERING
GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL ENGINEERING
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED
EARTH SCIENCE
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING (GEOPHYSICS)
GEOMATICS ENGINEERING
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
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INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

INTEGRATED ENGINEERING
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AND
MANAGEMENT
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND
MANAGEMENT
METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS
SCIENCE
METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
METALS AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
MINERAL ENGINEERING
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Accredited programs
cont..
MINERAL PROCESS ENGINEERING

MINING AND MINERAL PROCESS ENGINEERING
NAVAL ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
OCEAN AND NAVAL ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
REGIONAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
SHIPBUILDING ENGINEERING
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
SURVEYING ENGINEERING
SYSTEMS DESIGN ENGINEERING
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
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1.5.3 The Accreditation

Assessment
1.5.3.1
1.5.3.2
1.5.3.3
1.5.3.4
1.5.3.5
1.5.3.6
1.5.3.7
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Selection of Visiting Team

Preparation for the Visit
Accreditation Visit
Visiting Team Report
Accreditation Decision
Formal Review
Publication
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1.5.3.1 Initiation & Timing of

Accreditation Visit
It is not mandatory to have an
actual visit; sometimes a report
will suffice
But for us, no way!
For a new program, visit must take
place when students are in their
LAST year of studies
Bit of a catch-22 situation
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ManE, NE Schedule 20052007

Third Year
Fall 2K5
Winter 2K6
Spring 2K6
CurrRev
Trial Visit
PEO noted
Ask for Visit
VT Sel
VT OKed
Fall 2K6
Winter 2K7
Fourth Year
VISIT
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Fine Tune
Summer 2K6
Final Docs
prepared Docs
2 EC
Spring 2K7
Decision
YES
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Mech 2006-2008
Third Year
Fall 2K6
Winter 2K7
Spring 2K7
CurrRev
Trial Visit
PEO noted
Ask for Visit
VT Sel
VT OKed
Winter 2K8
Winter 2K8
Fourth Year
VISIT
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Fine Tune
Summer 2K7
Final Docs
prepared Docs
2 EC
Spring 2K8
Decision
YES
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AE, EE, SE 2007-2009

Third Year
Fourth Year
Fall 2K7
Winter 2K8
Spring 2K8
CurrRev
Trial Visit
PEO noted
Ask for Visit
VT Sel
VT OKed
Fall 2K8
Winter 2K9
VISIT
NE, ME rq
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Fine Tune
Summer 2K8
Final Docs
prepared Docs
2 EC
Spring 2K9
Decision
YES
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1.5.3.2 Selection of Visiting

Team
Composition
Team chair
Vice-chair
One or more program visitors
One or more general visitors
Observers or extra visitors are required
Team Members are
Senior engineers, academic and non-academic
Have a high standing in the program profession
Have the ability to assess modern engineering
curricula in terms of overall objectives
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Next Visits
Eng. Systems 2014 ( will be done
again)
Mech 2013 (3 years)
Man, Nuk 2016 (6 years)
Auto, SW EE, 2018 (6 years)
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UOIT Braggin Rights

Auto, Nuk, Man, Eng. Systems
unique in Canada
Mech = sum of FEAS others
SW one of 11
Orphanization of Eng. Systems in
2006
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Visiting Chair
Selected by CEAB, usually from the present

previous membership
Has overall responsibility for the visit
Selects the rest of the team membership
Assigns duties to each member
Must be familiar with results of previous vis
Is responsible for logistics, especially timing
(in
consultation with the Dean)
Is responsible for the final report
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Vice-Chair
Mandatory if more than 3 programs are being

assessed
Evaluates common core programs
Backup to the chair
Should either be from CEAB (past or present)
or be a member of the National Council of
Deans of Engineering and Applied Science
(NCDEAS)
If number of programs is less than 4, select
an
Alternate Chair from the team members
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Program Visitors
Are responsible for the evaluation
of the program
May have more than one for new
or uncommon programs
Must understand the subject
matter well
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General Visitors
Are experienced professional engineers

Stress the educational needs of the
profession and make sure that these are
covered in the curriculum
Selected from the PEO (mm)
Especially look for
Licence issues
Student interviews
Occupational health and safety issues
Support departments and facilities
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Observers, etc.
Are appointed as necessary by EC
with the agreement of the Chair
and the Dean
Example; foreign visitors thinking
of adopting our procedures
Washington Accord
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1.5.3.2 Preparation for the

Visit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dean writes to EC requesting a visit fall

CEAB appoints Team Chair, sends documents to
institution.
TC and Dean agree on a time for the visit (fall next
year)
TC selects the team and forwards names to Dean
Dean may ask for a replacement
All documents are forwarded by the Dean to team
members
and EC 6 weeks before the visit
Dean and TC set up schedule; TC makes
arrangements
Dean makes available Course Documents
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Course Documents
Recent examination, midterm papers (good,

bad, ugly)
Laboratory instruction sheets
Student transcripts
Student reports and theses
Anything built by the students
Text books
Teaching assignment lists
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1.5.3.3 Accreditation Visit
Normally spans 3 days (Sun, Mon, Tues)

Interviews with senior university officials
(President, Deans, Head Librarian, Registrar)
Interviews with all faculty and staff
Interviews with students
Interviews with service department
personnel
Tours of lab facilities, libraries, computing
facilities
Reviews of all previous documents
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Typical Visit Schedule
Evening before
Team meets and looks at all materials
Sets up assignments for all team members
Sets up game plan for visit, special things to watch
out for
Morning of the First Day
Intro meeting with team and dean and department
heads, confirming schedule
Team members start work on their assignments,
beginning with Dean/department lead. TC visits
president
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Visit cont..
Luncheon Meeting, First Day

Met with president, senior officials
Afternoon of the First Day
Team members proceed with their
assignments
Evening of the First Day
Team assembles alone over dinner
Discusses strengths and weaknesses,
especially points to be probed/clarified
Need to cross-check difficulties
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Visit cont..
Morning of the Second Day

Team completes their assignments
Cross-checking identified completed
Luncheon of the Second Day
Private for the team
Members discuss findings, strengths and weaknesses
Members complete their accreditation report
Chair synthesizes all for the exit interview
Afternoon of the Second Day
Team meets with Dean and Department Leads
Preliminary findings are reported without comment
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1.5.3.4 Visiting Team

Report
Each team member, within 2

weeks of the visit, submits their
formal report to the Team Chair
Team chair prepares the final
report within 4 weeks of the visit
and submits it to EC
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1.5.3.5 Accreditation
Decision
EC editor checks to make sure report is

within the mandate of EC
If so, is sent to the Dean
Dean may comment on actions being
taken to correct identified deficiencies
EC creates a Accreditation Decision Dossier
Copy sent to the dean
Big meeting at the beginning of June and
results are announced there
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Possible Decisions
No accreditation
One year (really bad)
Two year (new area)
Three year (new program)
Four-Five year (alignment with other
programs)
Six year (maximum that can be
given)
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1.5.3.6 Formal Review
Results of the decision are

communicated in writing to the
Dean and the reasons therein
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1.5.3.7 Publication
Positive results are posted on EC

web-site and in subsequent paper
documents
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1.5.5 What Must Profs do?
Make sure that the specified AUs are actually

covered in all of their courses
Collect course documentation
Know and show course policies and procedu
Split out design and safety issues
Split out laboratory experience
Split out computer/software experience
Help in the documentation of all FEAS policie
and procedures. Also know them and be able
give
examples of when they were execute
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More Requirements
Prof must have P.Eng. OR be in the process

of getting it
THIS IS CRITICAL
If Prof does not have 4 years of experience
yet, is declared an EIT
If Prof has external certification but NOT the
PEO P.Eng, then she must apply for it.
Note that out-of-province certification is
frowned upon. Has to be PEO-accepted!
2014-I-01
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AU 101
Courses are quantitatively evaluated in

terms of Accreditation Units (AUs)
One 50 minutes lecture = 1AU
1 hour of laboratory or tutorial work =
0.5 AU
Example: FOO 101 has 3 lecture hours
per week and 1 lab hour. Course runs
12.4 weeks
AU = (3+0.5)x12.4 = 43.4 AUs
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All Engineering is divided

into 5
Mathematics
at least 195 AU
Natural Science
at least 195
AU
Minimum of 420 M and NS
Engineering Science
at least 225 AU
Engineering Design
at least 225 AU
Minimum of 900 ES and ED
Complementary Studies
(Eng) at least 225
AU
Entire program must have at least 1950 AU
2014-I-01
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The 10% Rule

We want to be at least 10% over each
of the 5 categories
There will always be some friction
about the numbers, especially over
basic science and engineering science
Try to keep the number of categories in
an individual course as low as possible.
Math and NS are normally easy
2014-I-01
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The Minimum Path
In calculating the total number of AUs

we
must use the Minimum Path,
even if no one student ever takes it
Be very careful in giving credits from
non-UOIT sources
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Mathematics
Includes standard math such as

Differential and Integral calculus (mandatory)
Linear algebra
Differential equations
Discrete math
Probability
Statistics
Numerical analysis
Advanced calculus
Advanced engineering mathematics
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Natural Science
Must contain basic physics and chemistry
Earth sciences
Life sciences
Any thing that relates to the understanding
of natural phenomena and relationships
through the use of analytical and/or
experimental techniques
Note: subsections of many courses can
contribute here
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Examples of Subcomponents of
Natural Science
Electronics solid state physics

Networking physics of transmission
media
Thermodynamics Carnot cycle
Human Computer Interfacing
psychology
Operating systems insect population
dispersion
This is REALLY important in Software
2014-I-01
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Non-acceptable Examples
ALL repeat ALL of Computer
Science is considered ED and ED
NOT BS or M
Side-effect of this is that all CS
courses should be taught by
P.Eng.s.
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Engineering Science
Has its roots in BS and M but carries

knowledge
further by stressing creative
applications to help out society.
May involve the development of mathematical
or numerical techniques
May use modelling, simulation, experimental
techniques
Application to the identification and solution of
practical engineering problems is to be
stressed
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ES includes applied
aspects of:
Strength of
materials
Fluid mechanics
Thermodynamics
Electrical and
electronic circuits
Soil mechanics
Automatic control
Aerodynamics
2014-I-01
UOIT
Materials science
Geoscience
Computer science
Environmental
studies
Plus others
1-172
ES cont.
All of the previous (except Computer
Science) contain elements of BS. Prof
must keep them separate and be able
to identify then.
In doing partial counts, must keep
track of how many hours are spent on
the natural science components and
how many on engineering design and
engineering science.
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Engineering Design
Is really stressed
Must not only separate out design but we
have to
have a special section describing
all of the design activities in the program
Program must end with a Capstone Project
Need to stress teamwork and project
management
Again split out components in each course
and state where this is done
2014-I-01
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Applications of Computers
Appropriate content requiring the

application of computers,
hardware, software and networking
must be split out from the ED and
ES components.
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Complementary Studies
Mandatory are
Engineering
economics
Impact of technology on society
Subject matter covering central issues,
methodologies and thought processes of
humanities and social sciences (LSE)
Communication skills
Ethics, aw and Professionalism
Foreign languages are excluded
2014-I-01
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Design & Safety

Procedures
Must list all on a course-by-course

basis as appropriate
2014-I-01
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The Winds of Change: OBA

Outcomes-Based
A knowledge base for
Communication skills
Assessment
engineering
8. Professionalism
1.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9. Impact of
engineering on
society and the
environment
10. Ethics and equity
11. Economics and
project management
12. Life-long learning
Problem analysis
Investigation
Design
Use of engineering
tools
6. Individual and team
work
2014-I-01
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1.6 Software Engineering

First authorized in Texas in 1998
PEO in 2000
Quebec, Alberta and BC now
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The Memorial Disaster

CS with software engineering
designation
Big fight
N&L withheld certification of ALL
engineers in 2000
Draw
UWO position
2014-I-01
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Canada
In 2001, Ottawa, UWO, McMaster
first 3
Now there are 11 (Carlton,
Concordia, Ecole Polytechnique,
Calgary, Lakehead, Waterloo,
Laval)
And of course, UOIT!
2014-I-01
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Newest Branch
Communications Infrastructure
Engineering (2011)
Responsible for secure networks,
networks design and Quality of
Service, intrusion protection and
detection, etc..
2014-I-01
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Can such things be?

The Mechanical Systems Engineering degree
program (MSE) of Conestoga Institute of
Technology and Advanced Learning had
been accredited by Engineers Canada following a
thorough review by the Canadian Engineering
Accreditation Board (CEAB). Conestoga is the
first college in Ontario and only the second
Institute of Technology (BCIT) in Canada to have
its engineering degree program accredited. PEO
will be working with the Institute to determine
what, if any, additional courses former graduates
may need to meet licensing requirements.
2014-I-01
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Remember!
Only a Licenced engineer can
engineer
CSs are NOT engineers
2014-I-01
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New Branches?
Biological engineering
Network engineering (CIE)
2014-I-01
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UOIT Expansion???
Computer engineering
Civil engineering
Chemical engineering
2014-I-01
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Current UOIT Status

NE, ManE, MechE, AE, EE, SE
approved
Nuk and Man got 6 years in round
2 three years ago
MechE 2 years ago, 3 years
AE, EE, SE last year, 6 years
Eng Systems new this year
2014-I-01
UOIT
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4760 Unit 1 2014-I-01

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ENGR 4760U

Ethics, Law and

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

2014-I-01 Initial Creation

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

1.1 History of Engineering 005

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

1.1 History of Engineering

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Laurier got it wrong

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Engineers have been too focused on the

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Case Study 1: High Pressure

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Case Study 2: Qubec

Galvanized Canada into regulating

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

The Qubec Bridge (Longest

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Picked Theodore Cooper, an American engineer from NYC

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Happy Details Today!

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014

Unit 1 The Engineering Profession

Must also be a Law

Ethics, Law and Professionalism Winter 2014