Additional

Mathematic
s

How to Solve
a Problem

Understand

Plan your

Do - Carry out

Check your

the Problem

Strategy

Your Strategy

Answers

Which Topic /
Subtopic
?
What info has been
given?
What is to be
found?

Choose suitable
strategy
Choose the correct
formula

Carry out the

calculations

Is the answer
reasonable?

Graph sketching

Any other
methods ??

Creating tables ...

PAPER 1 FORMAT
Objective Test :
No. of Questions :
Total Marks :
Duration :
L.O.D.
:

Additional Materials :

Short Questions
25 questions
80
2 hours
L (15) , M(7-8), H(2-3)
Scientific Calculators,
Mathematical
Tables, Geometrical sets.

PAPER 2 FORMAT

Subjective Questions
No. of Questions : A (6), B (4/5), C (2/4)

Total Marks : 100

Duration

L.O.D

: 2 hours 30 minutes

: L (6) , M(4-5), H(4-5)

Additional Materials : Scientific Calculators,
Mathematical Tables,
Geometrical sets.

Key towards achieving 1A

Read question carefully
Follow instructions
Start with your favourite question
Show your working clearly
Choose the correct formula to be used +
(Gunakannya dengan betul !!!)
Final answer must be in the simplest form
The end answer should be correct to 4 S.F.
(or follow the instruction given in the question)
3.142

Kunci Mencapai kecemerlangan

Proper / Correct ways of writing mathematical

notations
Check answers!
Proper allocation of time (for each question)

Paper 1 : 3 - 7 minutes for each question

Paper 2 :
Sec. A : 8 - 10 minutes for each question
Sec. B : 15 minutes for each question
Sec. C : 15 minutes for each question

Common Mistakes

dy
dx

1. The Quadratic equation 3x2 - 4x = 0

+5
y = 3x2 + 4x
y = 6x + 4

3. 6 x 4 dx 3x 4 x c
2

4. sin x = 300 ,

0
150 AB 1

5.

PQ

x = 300 , 1500

AB

PQ

1
3

Kesilapan Biasa Calon

f ' (x) wrongly interpreted as f 1(x) and
/ or conversely

x2 = 4

x >4

x > 2
x

x = 2

Common errors

PA : PB
then

2 : 3

2PA = 3 PB

Actually,
PA : PB =

2 : 3

PA
PB

2
3

3 PA

2 PB

More mistakes
3 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )
2

2
2

32 PA2

9 PA2 =

22 PB2
4 PB2

Common mistakes

loga x + loga y = 0,
then

xy =

It should be xy = a0 = 1

Common mistakes

loga (x 3) = loga x loga 3

2 x 2 = 1
x + y = 1
x

2 x 2 = 2
2x + y = 2 0
x + y = 0
x

Common mistakes

loga x + loga y = 0,
then
So,

loga xy =

xy = 0

It should be xy = a0 = 1

Common mistakes

sin (x + 300) = ,
then sin x + sin 300 =
gone !

Do NOT use
Sin(A+B) = sin A cos B + cos A
sin B !

Correct way

sin (x + 30 ) = ,
0

then x +300 = 300 , 1500

So, x = 0 , 120
0

If 00 is an answer, then 3600 is also an

answer !

sin (x + 30 ) = ,
0

then x +300 = 300 , 1500 , 3900

So, x = 00 , 1200 , 3600

Relationship between Functions and Quadratic

Functions
y

Domain

Codomain

f(x) = x2
4

Image

Objec
t
(1, 1) , (2, 4). . form ordered pairs and can be
plotted to obtain a curve.

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 1

P = { 1, 2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
The relationship between P and Q is defined by the set of
ordered pairs { (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 6), (2, 8)}.
State

the image of 1,

The object of 2.
[2 marks]

Answer

(a) 2 , 4
(a) 1

1
1

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 2

g : x 5x 1

Answer

(a)

2
5
B1 :

25x2 + 2
B1 :

h : x x2 2x 3

or 0.4
( x 1)
5

or g(x) = 3

2
(5x+1)2 2(5x+1) + 3

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 3

(SPM 2005,Q5)

Solve the quadratic equation 2x(x 4) = (1- x)(x+2).

Write your answer correct to four significant figures.
(3 marks)
Answer

2.591, - 0.2573 (both + 4 s.f.)

B2 :

B1 :

(7) (7) 2 4(3)(2)

2(3)
3x2 7x 2 = 0

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 4

The quadratic equation x (x+1) = px 4 has
two distinct roots. Find the range of values of p.
(3 marks)
Answer

p < -3, p > 5

(kedua-duanya)

B2 :

(p + 3) (p 5) > 0

B1 :

(1 p)2 4(1)(4) > 0

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 5

Given that log 2 T - log4 V = 3, express T in terms

of V.
(4 marks)
Answer

T= 8V

log 2 V
log 2 T
3
log 2 4

B1
T

log 2 V
log 2 T
3
2
log 2 T log 2 V
log 2

T
V

1
2

1
2

B3

B2

1
2

23

T 8V

1
2

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 6

Solve the equation 42x 1 = 7x

(4 marks)

Answer

x = 1.677
(2x 1) log 4

= x log 7

2x log 4 log 4

= x log 7

2x log 4 x log 7 = log 4

B1
B2

x (2 log 4 log 7 ) = log 4

x

log 4
2 log 4 log 7

or

0.6021
0.3591

B3

SPM 2007 (???)

Solve the equation 42x 1 = 8x

(3 marks)

Answer

22(2x 1) = 23x
2(2x 1) = 3x

4x 1 =

x =

3x

4x 2 = 3x
x =

No !!!

SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 7

The first three terms of an A.P. are k-3, k+3, 2k+2.
Find (a) the value of k,
(b) the sum of the first 9 terms of the progression.
Answer

(3 marks)

(a) 7

(k + 3) (k 3) = (2k + 2) (k + 3)

B1

6 = k1

(b) 252

SPM 2003 Paper 2, Question 1

Solve the simultaneous equation 4x + y = - 8
and x2 + x y = 2
(5 marks)
Answer
Make x or y the subject
x

8 y
4

or

P1

y 8 4x

Eliminating x or y
2

8 y 8 y

y 2 or
4
4

x 2 x ( 8 4 x ) 2

Solving the quadratic equation :

K1

x = -2, -3 or y = 0 , 4
y = 0 , 4 or x = -2, -3

K1

N1
N1

SPM 2003 Paper 2, Question 2

The function f(x) = x2 - 4kx + 5k2 + 1 has a minimum
value of r2 + 2k , with r and k as constants.

By the method of completing the square, show that

r=k1
(4 marks)

Hence, or otherwise, find the value of k and the

value of r if the graph of the function is symmetrical
about the line x = r2 -1.
(4 marks)

SPM 2003 Paper 2, Question 2 ***

Answer
2(a) Writing f(x) in the form (x p)2 + q
(x 2k)2 4k2 + 5k2 + 1
Equating

( q* = r2 + 2k)
(k 1)2 = r2
r= k1

(b) Equating (his) - (x p) = 0

8 y

b
dy
0 atau x

2a
dx

K1
N1

N1
K1

k=0,4
r = -1, 3

K1

K1
N1

N1

Eliminating r or k by
any valid method

F4

1. Functions
1.
Given

f:x

x2 - 2 .

Find the values of x which map onto

itself.

f (x) = x
x2 - 2
= x
x2 x 2 = 0
(x+1)(x-2) = 0
x = -1 , x = 2
2.
Given

f:x

x - 3 ,

g:x

f(x) = x 3, g(x) = 3x
gf (1) = g [ f(1) ]
= g [-2]
= -6

3x

, find

gf(1).

T4
F4BAB 1

Functions :

Inverse Functions

4. Given f (x) = 3 2x, find f

Method 1

Let f (x) = y
-1

Then x = f (y)
x = 3 2y

3 x
y
2
3 x
1
f x
2

-1.

Method 2

Let
Then

f (x) = y
3 2x = y
3 y = 2x

3 y
x
2
3 y
f 1 y
2
3 x
f 1 x
2

T4
F4BAB 1

Functions :

Applying the Idea of Inverse functions

f :x

5. Given

3x 1
4 ,

Method 1 (Find f-1 )

Let f -1(x) = y
Then x = f(y)
x=
y=

3 y 1
4
4x 1
3

f-1(a) =

find the value of a if f -1(a) = 11

Method 2 ( No need f-1 )

Let
Then

f -1(a) = 11
a = f (11)
= 8

4a 1
3

a= 8

= 11

T4
F4BAB 1

Functions : Given composite function and one function,

find the other function.

6. Given

f : x 2 x and gf : x 2 x 2,

find fg.

Remember : you need to find g first !

f(x) =2 - x , gf(x) = 2x-2
Let f(x) = u
Then u = 2 x

or

x=2-u

g(u) = 2(2-u) 2
= 2-2u
g(x) = 2-2x

fg(x) = f(2-2x)
= 2 - (2-2x)
=

2x

T4
F4BAB 1

**Functions : To skecth the graphs of y = |f(x)|

7. Skecth the graph of y = |3-2x|+1 for domain 0 x 4
and state the corresponding range.
Tips :

Sketch y = |3-2x| first !!!

y
6
5
4
3

Range :

1 y 6

3
2

F4

2. Quadratic equations:
SPM 2004, K1, Q4
Form the quadratic equation which
has the roots 3 and .
x =

3 ,

x =

(x+3) (2x 1) = 0
2x2 + 5x 3 = 0

F4

2. Quadratic Equations

ax2 + bx + c = 0
b
c
x x
0
a
a

x2 ( S.O.R) x + (P.O.R.) = 0
=

b
S.O.R a

c
P.O.R. =a

F4

2. The Quadratic Equation : Types of roots

The quadratic
equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0

1. Two distinct roots

2. Two equal roots
3. No real roots if

if
if

b2 4ac
b2 4ac
b2 4ac

has

>0
=0
<0

**The straight line y = mx -1 is a tangent to the curve

y = x2 + 2 .

???

F4

3 Quadratic Functions : Quadratic Inequalities

SPM 2004, K1, S5

Find the range of values of x for which

x(x 4) 12
x (x 4) 12
x2 4x 12 0
(x + 2)(x 6) 0
-2

2 x 6

Back to
BASIC

F4

Solve

x2 > 4
x2 4 > 0
(x + 2)(x 2) > 0

x> 2
???
R.H.S
must be O !

x < -2 or x > 2

F4

4. Simultaneous Equations

Solve the simultaneous equations

x + y =1
x2 + 3y2 = 7
Factorisation

Solve the simultaneous equations, give your answer

correct to three decimal places.
x +y=1
x2 +3y2 = 8

*** P = Q = R

b b 4ac
2a
2

F4

5. INDICES

Back to basic

Solve ..

x 1

1
.
27

32(x 1) . 3 ( 3x) = 1
2x 2 3x = 1
x = 3
x= 3

Betul
ke ???

F4

5. INDICES

Solve

x 1

1
.
27

32(x 1) . 3 ( 3x) = 1
32x 2 +( 3x) = 30
x2 =0
x = 2

F4

5. INDICES

Solve

or

x 1

1
.
27

= 27
32(x 1) = 3 3x
32x 2 = 33x
2x 2 = 3x
x = 2
x-1

5. INDICES

F4

Solve

2x

3 = 2x+2

2x + 3 = 2x . 22
2x + 3 = 4 (2x )
3 = 3(2 )
x

1 = (2x )
x

Can U take
log on both
sides ???
WHY?
In the form
u + 3 = 4u

F4

x2

5. INDICES

Solve the equation 3

,
32 3
give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
[ 4 marks]

9 (3x)

= 32 + (3x)

8 (3x) = 32
3x = 4

x
x

lg 4
lg 3

= 1.26

(Mid-Yr 07)

5. INDICES

F4

Solve

2x

.5

4 .5
x

20

= 0.05
=

1
2 0
1
2 0

ambm = (ab)m
You can
also take
log on both
sides.

F4

5. INDICES &
LOGARITHMS

(Mid-Yr 07)
Solve the equation l o g 2 ( x 2 ) 2 2 l o g 4 ( 4 x )
[4
marks]

log 2 (4 x)
log 2 ( x 2) 2 2 .
log 2 4

log 2 ( x 2) 2 log 2 (4 x)

lo g 2 ( x 2 ) lo g 2 4 ( 4 x )
x2
x

=
=

4 (4 x)
3.6

F4

Back to basic

5. INDICES &
LOGARITHMS

Solve the the equation

log3 (x 4) + log3 (x + 4) = 2

log3(x-4)(x+4) = 2
x2 16 = 9
x = 5

F4

Back to basic
Solve the equation
log3 4x log3 (2x 1) = 1

4x
log 3
1

2 x 1

4x
3
2x 1
4x = 3(2x 1)
= 6x 3
2x = 3
3
x =
2

SPM 2005, P1, Q8

F4

5 Indices and Logaritms : Change of base

Given that log3 p = m and log4 p = n. Find logp
36 in terms of m and n.

logp 36 = logp 9 + logp

4 = 2log p 3 + logp

1
4 log 3 3
2(
)
log 3 p
log 4 p
logaa =1

2
1

m
n

K1
K1
K1

N1

Coordinate Geometry

Some extra vitamins 4u

Coordinate Geometry
Distance between two points
Division of line segments : midpoints
+ the ratio theorem
Areas of polygons
Equation of straight lines
Parallel and perpendicular lines
Loci (involving distance between two
points)

Coordinate Geometry

Note to candidates:
Solutions

to this
question by scale
drawing will not be
accepted.

Coordinate Geometry

Note to candidates:
A

diagram is usually given

(starting from SPM 2004).
You SHOULD make full use
of the given diagram while
answering the question.

Coordinate Geometry

Note to candidates:
Sketch

a simple diagram to
help you using the required
formula correctly.

6. Coordinate Geometry
6.2.2 Division of a Line Segment
PQ : QR = m : n

Q divides the line segment PR in the ratio

n
m
P(x1, y1)

n
Q(x, y)

R(x2, y2)

Q(x, y)

P(x1, y1)

nx1 m x2 ny1 m y 2
,
Q(x, y) =

m n
m n

R(x2, y2)

6. Coordinate Geometry (Ratio Theorem)

The point P divides the line segment joining the point M(3,7) and
N(6,2) in the ratio 2 : 1. Find the coordinates of point P.

1
2

N(6, 2)

1(3) 2(6) 1(7) 2(2)

P(x, y) =
,

2 1
2 1

P(x, y)

M(3, 7)

=
=

P(x, y) =

nx1 m x

m n

ny

m y
m n
1

15 11
,

3 3

11
5,
3

6. Coordinate Geometry

Perpendicular lines :
R

m1.m2 = 1

Q
S

6. Coordinate Geometry
(SPM 2006, P1, Q12)
Diagram 5 shows the straight line AB which is perpendicular to the straight
line CB at the point B.
The equation of CB is y = 2x 1 .
Find the coordinates of B.

[3 marks]

mCB = 2

A(0, 4)
B

mAB =

y = 2x 1
Diagram 5

Equation of AB is

At B, 2x 1 = x + 4

O
C

y= x+4

x = 2, y = 3
So,

B is the point (2, 3).

6. Coordinate Geometry
Given points P(8,0) and Q(0,-6). Find the equation of
the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
y
mPQ= 3
4
4
mAB=

K1

Midpoint of PQ (4, -3)

4
=
( y 3) ( x 4 )
3

The equation
:
or

Q
K1

4x + 3y -7 =
0
4
7
3

N1

6 Coordinate Geometry

TASK : To find the equation of the locus of the moving

point P such that its distances from the points A and B
are in the ratio m : n

(Note : Sketch a diagram to help you using the

distance formula correctly)

6. Coordinate Geometry
Find the equation of the locus of the moving point P such that its
distances from the points A(-2,3) and B(4, 8) are in the ratio 1 : 2.
(Note : Sketch a diagram to help you using the distance formula
correctly)

A(-2,3), B(4,8) and

Let
P = (x, y)

B(4, 8)

PA
1

PB
2
2PA PB
4PA

PB

m:n=1:2

A(-2, 3)

2
1

4 ( x 2 ) 2 ( y 3 ) 2 ( x 4 ) 2 ( y 8 ) 2

3x2 + 3y2 + 24x 8y 28 = 0

P(x, y)

6. Coordinate Geometry
Find the equation of the locus of the moving point P such that its
distance from the point A(-2,3) is always 5 units.
( SPM 2005)

A(-2,3)
Let
P = (x, y)

A(-2, 3)

( x 2) 2 ( y 3) 2 52

P(x, y)

x 2 y 2 4 x 6 y 12 0

is the equation of locus of P.

6. Coordinate Geometry
Find the equation of the locus of point P which moves such that
it is always equidistant from points A(-2, 3) and B(4, 9).

Constraint / Condition :

B(4, 9)

PA = PB
PA

= PB

(x+2)2 + (y 3)2 = (x 4)2 + (y 9)2

x + y 7 = 0 is the equation of

A(-2, 3)

P(x, y)
Locus of P

locus of P.
Note : This locus is actually the perpendicular bisector of AB

Solutions to this question by scale drawing will not be accepted.

(SPM 2006, P2, Q9)
Diagram 3 shows the triangle AOB where O is the origin.
Point C lies on the straight line AB.
A(-3, 4)

Diagram 3

B(6, -2)

(a) Calculate the area, in units2, of triangle AOB.

[2 marks]
(b) Given that AC : CB = 3 : 2, find the coordinates of C.
[2 marks]

A point P moves such that its distance from point A is always twice its
distance from point B.
(i) Find the equation of locus of P,
(ii) Hence, determine whether or not this locus intercepts the y-axis.
[6 marks]

(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS

A(-3, 4)

3
C

9(a)

1 0 6 3 0
2 0 2 4 0

0 24 0 0 6 0
2

= 9

9(b)

N1

2(4) 3( 2)
2( 3) 3(6)
,

3 2
3 2

12
,
5

2
x

K1

Use formula
To find area

K1
N1

Diagram 3

B(6, -2)

Use formula correctly

nx1 m x2 ny1 m y 2
,

n
m

(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS

A(-3, 4)

P(x, y)

9(c) (i)

AP =

K1
AP = 2PB

(x+3) + (y 4 )

B(6, -2)
Use distance
formula

K1

AP2 = 4 PB2
2

[ x (3 )]2 ( y 4 )2

= 4 [(x 6) + (y + 2)
2

x2 + y2 18x + 8y + 45 = 0

Use AP = 2PB

N1

(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS

9(c) (ii) x = 0, y2 + 8y + 45 = 0

K1

Subst. x = 0 into his locus

b2 4ac = 82 4(1)(45) < 0

K1
Use b2 4ac = 0
or AOM

So, the locus does not intercept the y-axis.

N1

(his locus

& b2 4ac)

F4

6. Coordinate Geometry : the equation of locus

Given that A(-1,-2) and B(2,1) are fixed points . Point P moves such
that the ratio of AP to PB is 1 : 2. Find the equation of locus for P.

2 AP =
PB

2 ( x 1) 2 ( y 2) 2

( x 2) 2 ( y 1) 2

4[ (x+1)2 + (y+2)2 ] = (x -2 )2 + (y -1)2

3x2 + 3y2 + 12x + 18y + 15 =
0
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 5 =
0

K1
J1

N1

F4

Statistics
Marks

6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
36-40
Total

f
12
20
27
16
13
10
2
100

From a given set of data,

(e.g. The frequency distribution
of marks of a group of students)
Students should be able to find .
the mean, mode & median
Q1, Q3 and IQR
the variance & S.Deviations
Construct a CFT and draw an
ogive
Use the ogive to solve related
problems

To estimate median from

Histogram

F5

Graph For Question 6(b)

Number of people

80
70
60
50
40
30

20
10

33.5
0.5

40.5
20.5
Modal age = 33.5

60.5

80.5

100.5

Age

F4 CHAPTER 8

8. CIRCULAR MEASURE

Radian
S =

Degrees
r

A =

( must be in
RADIANS)

r2

Always refer to diagram when answering this question.

F4

8. CIRCULAR MEASURE
A

Diagram shows a sector of a circle

OABC with centre O and radius 4

cm. Given
that
AOC = 0.8
radians, find the area of the
shaded region.
Area of sector
OABC
Area of triangle
OAC
Area of shaded
region

= x 42 x 0.8
= 6.4 cm 2
= x 42 x sin 0.8
= 5.7388 cm

0.8c

= 6.4
5.7388
= 0.6612 cm2

K1

K1
In radians !!!!

K1
N1

F4

DIFFERENTIATION :

3
x

1
Given that y
4x 5

, find

dy
dx

dy (4 x 5)(3) (3 x 1)(4)

2
dx
(4 x 5)

11

2
(4 x 5)

d u

dx v

F4

9 Differentiation : The second derivative

Given that

f(x) = x3 + x2 4x +

5 , find the value of

f (x) =
4

3x2 + 2x

f (x) = 6x +

2
f (1) =

f (1)

F4

9 Differentiation : The second derivative

Given that
(1) .

g (x) x 1
2

, find the value of g

g (x) = 10x (x2 + 1)4

g (x) = 40x (x2 + 1)

. 2x

Ya
ke ??

F4- 9

Given that
(-1) .

g (x) x 1

g (x) =
1)4

, find the value of g

10x (x +
2

d
uv
dx

g (x) = 10x . 4(x2 + 1) 3.2x +(x2+1)4.

10

g (-1) = 10(-1) . 4[(-1)2 + 1] 3

+[(-1)2+1)4. 10
=

800

Mid-year, Paper 2

F4

Differentiation

Small increments
dy

Given that y = 2x3 x2 + 4, find the valuedxof

at
the point (2, 16). Hence, find the small
increment in x which causes y to increase from
16 to 16.05.

dy
dx

= 6x2 2x
= 20 ,

x=

K1

y 2 d y

x
dx
0 .0 5
20
x

x 0 .0 0 2 5

K1
N1

F5

Progressions : A.P &

G.P

A.P.

a, a+d, a+2d,

a+3d ,

..
Most important is d

G.P.

a, ar, ar2,

ar3, ..

Most important
!!

is

F5

Progressions : G.P - Recurring Decimals

SPM 2004, P1, Q12
Express the recurring decimal
0.969696 as a fraction in the
simplest form.
x =
100x =
(2) (1)

0. 96 96 96
96. 96 96 ..

99x = 96

96
x=
99

32
=
33

(1)
(2)

Back to basic

F5

Progressions
Given that Sn = 5n n2 , find the sum from
the 5th to the 10th terms of the progression.

Usual Answer :

S10 S5 = . ???
Correct Answer :

S10 S4
Ans :-54

F5

Linear Law
1. Table for data X and Y
Y

2. Correct axes and scale used

3. Plot all points correctly
4. Line of best fit
X

5. Use of Y-intercept to determine

value of constant
6. Use of gradient to determine
another constant

1-2
1
1
1

2-4

F5

Linear Law
Bear in mind that ......
1. Scale must be uniform
Y

2. Scale of both axes may defer :

FOLLOW given instructions !
3. Horizontal axis should start from
0 !
X

4. Plot against

Vertical Axis

Horizontal
Axis

Linear law

F5
Y
4.5

3.5

x
3.0

x
2.5

2.5

1.5

1.0

x
0.5

Read this value !!!!!

0

10

12

F5

INTEGRATION
1.
2.

( 3x 1)
( 2 3x )

dx

1
3.
dx
4
( 3x 1)

2
4.
dx
4
( 3x 1)

dx

(3 x 1) 5
c
15
(2 3x)5
c
15
1
c
3
9(3 x 1)

2
c
3
9 ( 3x 1)

F5

INTEGRATION
SPM 2003, P2, Q3(a) 3 marks

dy
Given that dx

= 2x + 2 and y = 6 when x = 1,
find y in terms of x.
Answer:

dy
= 2x + 2
dx

=
=

x = -1, y = 6:
Hence

6
c

(2 x 2)dx
x2 + 2x + c
= 1 +2 + c
=
3

y = x2 + 2x + 3

F5

INTEGRATION
SPM 2004, K2, S3(a) 3 marks
The gradient function of a curve which passes through
A(1, -12) is 3x2 6 .
Answer:

dy
dx

Find the equation of the curve.

=

3x2 6

y = (3x 2 6)dx
x = 1, y = 12 :

= x3 6x + c
12 = 1 6 + c
c = 7

Hence

y = x3 6 x 7

Gradient
Function

F5

Vectors :
B

Unit Vectors
Given that OA = 2i + j and OB = 6i + 4j, find
the unit vector in the direction of AB

AB = OB - OA
= ( 6i + 4j ) ( 2i + j )
= 4i + 3j

4 2 32

l AB l =
=
Unit vector in the direction of AB =

1
(4i 3 j )
5

K1

N1

K1

F5

Parallel vectors
Given that a and b are parallel vectors, with
a = (m-4)i +2 j and b= -2i + mj. Find the the value of
m.
a=kb
a= b
(m-4) i + 2 j = k (-2i + mj)
m- 4 = -2k

mk = 2

m=2

K1

K1
N1

F5

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Prove that tan2 x sin2 x = tan2 x sin2 x

tan2 x sin2 x =

sin 2 x

2
kos x

sin 2x

K1

sin 2 x kos 2 x sin 2 x

kos 2 x
sin 2 x(1 kos 2 x)

kos 2 x

K1

tan 2 x sin 2 x

N1

F5

5 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Solve the equation

2 cos 2x + 3 sin x - 2 = 0

2( 1 - 2sin2 x) + 3 sin x - 2 = 0

K1

-4 sin2 x + 3 sin x = 0
sin x ( -4 sin x + 3 ) = 0
sin x = 0
x = 00, 1800, 3600

K1

sin x =
N1

3
4

x = 48.590, 131.410

N1

F5

5 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(Graphs)

(Usually Paper 2, Question 4 or 5) -

WAJIB !
1. Sketch given graph :
(2003) y = 2 cos

3
x
2

(4 marks)
, 0 x 2

(2004) y = cos 2x for 00 x 1800

(2005) y = cos 2x ,
0 x 2
(2006) y = 2 cos x , 0 x 2

F5

PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

Find the number of four digit numbers

exceeding 3000 which can be formed from
the numbers 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 if each number is
allowed to be used once only.

No. of ways

3. 2
3, 6, 8,
9

4 . 4.
= 96

F5

Find the number of ways the word BESTARI

can be arranged so that the vowels and
consonants alternate with each other
[ 3 marks ]

Vowels : E, A, I
Consonants : B, S, T, R
Arrangements : C V C V C V C
No. of ways

=
=

4! 3 !
144

F5

Two unbiased dice are tossed.

Find the probability that the sum of the
two numbers obtained is more than 4.
Dice B, y

n(S) = 6 x 6 = 36

Constraint : x + y > 4
Draw the line x + y = 4
We need : x + y > 4
P( x + y > 4) = 1
Dice A, x

5
=
6

6
36

F5

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
The Binomial Distribution

P ( X r ) nC r ( p ) r ( q ) n r
r = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..n

p+q=1

n = Total number of trials

r = No. of successes
p = Probability of success
q = probability of failure

Mean
Variance

np
=

npq

F5

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
The NORMAL Distribution
Candidates must be able to

f(z)

determine the Z-score

Z =

use the SNDT to find the values

(probabilities)

00

0.5

T5

f(z)

f(z)

-1.5 0

f(z)

0 1

1.5

F4

Index Numbers
Index Number =

H1
I
100
H0
_

wI
w

Composite Index =

Problems of index numbers involving

two or more basic years.

Solution of Triangles

The Sine Rule

The Cosine Rule
Area of Triangles
Problems in 3-Dimensions.
Ambiguity cases (More than ONE
answer)

Motion in a Straight Line

Initial

displacement, velocity, acceleration...

Particle returns to starting point O...
Particle has maximum / minimum velocity..
Particle achieves maximum displacement...
Particle returns to O / changes direction...
Particle moves with constant velocity...

Motion in a Straight Line

Question involving motion of TWO particles.

... When both of them collide / meet ???
how do we khow both particles are of the same
direction at time t ???
The distance travelled in the nth second.
The range of time at which the particle returns .
The range of time when the particle moves with negative
displacement
Speed which is increasing
Negative velocity
Deceleration / retardation

Linear Programming
To answer this question, CANDIDATES must be able
to .....
form inequalities from given mathematical
information
draw the related straight lines using
suitable scales on both axes
recognise and shade the region representing
the inequalities
solve maximising or minimising problems
from the objective function (minimum cost,
maximum profit ....)

Linear Programming
Maklumat
1. x is at least 10
2. x is not more than 80
3. x is not more than y
4. The value of y is at least twice the value of x
5. The maximum value of x is 100
6. The minimum value of y is 35
7. The maximum value of x+ 2y is 60
8. The minimum value of 3x 2y is 18
9. The sum of x and y is not less than 50
10. The sum of x and y must exceed 40
11. x must exceed y by at least 10

Ketaksamaan
x 10
x 80
x y
y 2x
x 100
y 35
x + 2y 60
3x - 2y 18
x + y 50
x + y > 40
x y + 10

12. The ratio of the quantity of Q (y) to the quantity of P (x)

should not exceed 2 : 1

y 2x

13. The number of units of model B (y) exceeds twice the

number of units of model A (x) by 10 or more.

y - 2x >10

Selamat maju jaya !