Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Financial Analysis
Contents
Defining Costs
Capital Costs
Operating Costs
Benefits
NPV
Payback period
Sensitivity Analysis
Further assistance
Defining Costs
There are different ways of defining costs:
By type:
By function:
Capital costs
Development costs
Operating costs
Operational costs
Maintenance costs
By behaviour:
By time:
Fixed costs
Recurring costs
Variable costs
Non-recurring costs
Capital Costs
Capital costs are the expenses incurred in purchase of
items that are recorded as assets; their value is
depreciated over time and they are recorded in the
Balance Sheet.
Identify the capital costs for the project for the following
items:
Equipment
Non-consumable Materials*
Infrastructure
*Non-consumable materials are capital costs because
these are materials that persist (eg. furniture, bricks)
Operating Costs
Operating costs are expenses incurred in the execution of
the project or in the operation of the business (after the
project) They are not depreciated over time and are
recorded in the profit and loss statement.
Identify the operating costs for the project for the following:
Internal business resources
Internal IT resources
External resources
Office accommodation
Licenses
Support
Training
System administration
Equipment hire
Consumable materials*
Travel
Accommodation
Investment Analysis
Year 1
Benefits
Less Costs
Cash Flow
X Discount factor
Present Value
Net Present Value
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
If the Net Present Value is less than zero then this indicates
the project is not financially worthwhile.
Note: The discount factor is based on a discount rate of 13%.
Hence at the end of the first year $1 is worth 87c, drops to
75.6c in the second year, 65.8c in the third year etc.
Sensitivity Analysis
Projects do not always run to plan. Costs and benefits
estimated at an early stage of a project may indicate a
profitable project, but this profit could be eroded by an
increase in costs or a decrease in the value of the
benefits (the revenue).
Sensitivity analysis provides a means of determining the
financial impact of this type of fluctuation.
By entering an anticipated percentage increase in costs
or decrease in revenue the financial impact on the project
can be identified by looking at the change to the NPV or
IRR measures.
Further Assistance
For additional supporting guides refer to:
Guide to Benefits Analysis