A FIRE ALARM USING THERMISTOR

PRESENTED BY
k.Chaitu
11jn1a0216

Sree venkateswara institute of science and technology

1.INTRODUCTION:
.The main aim of this project is to avoid the fire accidents in
the building sand laboratories and text mills etc this project
automatically indicate about the fire accidents.
.So that we can avoid the unnecessary burning of the material
the technical details of this project will be explained in details.
. Fire alarms are used in the event of a fire or fire drill.
. They are activated either manually or automatically. After the
fire protection goals are establishedusually by referencing the
minimum levels of protection mandated by the appropriate model
building code.

Fig: BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION

POWER SUPPLY
SENCING CIRCUIT
DRIVER CIRCUIT
SPEAKER:

Fig: Power supply for the circuit.

Working of Power supply for the circuit:

A regulated 9V/500mA power supply that can be used for powering the
basic fire alarm circuit and its modified versions is shown above.
Transformer T1 is a 230V primary, 12V secondary, 500mA step down
transformer.
The output of the rectifier+filter section is connected to the input of
7805 and a regulated steady 9V is obtained at its output. S1 is the
ON/OFF switch. F1 is a 500mA safety fuse.

FIRE ALARM USING THERMISTER

2.2. WORKING:
A thermister is a type of resistor whose resistance varies significant
with Temperature, more so than in standard resistors.
Thermister are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature
Sensors, self-resetting overcorrect protectors, and self-regulation
heating element
Temperature ranges, while thermister typically achieve a higher
precision within a Limited temperature range, typically 90 C
to 130 C. It is a small and simple unit that can be used
for Home-Security purpose. In this fire alarm circuit, a Thermister
works As the heat sensor.

The output Of IC1 is connected to NPN transistor Q3, which

drives the loudspeaker (SPKR) to Generate sound.
The frequency of IC1 depends on the values of resistors R6, R7
and Capacitor C2.
When Thermister TH1 becomes hot, it provides a lowresistance path to Extend positive voltage to the base of transistor Q1
via diode D2 and resistor R3.
Capacitor C1 charges up to the positive voltage and increases
the on time of alarm. The higher the value of capacitor C1, the
higher the forward voltage applied to the base Of transistor Q1.

COMPONENTS
RESISTORS& CAPACITOR:
Generally carbon resistors are used in electronic circuits.
The carbon resistors are made of finely divided carbon or graphite
mixes with a powered insulating materials resistor elements is usually
enclosed in a plastic case for mechanical strength and insulation.
The two ends of the carbon resister elements are metal cases with
leads of tinned copper wires.
Capacitor is an electronic device which is used to store charge. It
consists of two metal electrodes separated when a capacitor is connected
to external D.C supply to a battery.

DIODES&TRANSISTOR:
The diode is used to convert the alternating current(AC) into
unidirectional current(DC)
Transistors are of two types one is NPN and next is PNP
transistors.
It is semiconductor device that can either amplify an electrical
signal or act as an electric switch.
A NPN transistor is composed to two N type semiconductors
separate by a thin region of P type semi conductor.
The PNP transistor is composed of two P type semi conductors
separated by a thin region of N type.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE:

It is a semi conductor diode emits light in forward bias. The figure shows
the circuit symbol of LED. The outward arrow indicates emission of light

THERMISTOR:
Thermister are resistor whose resistance decreases considerably with
temperature.
It have high temperature coefficient the metal conductors have a very
low temperature co-efficient while certain oxides have values ranging
from about 5% per degree Co.

ADVANTAGES:
The advantages in this fire alarm using thermister are
materials can be saved up to a large extent from fire accidents
construction is easy
it is less cost
place occupied is less
more efficient

Conclusion:
Hence electronic circuits can be designed for the fire based alarms
and they provide very high efficiency and can be used for the security
reasons. Early fire detection is best achieved by the installation and
maintenance of fire detection equipment in all rooms and areas of the
house or building. The various circuits described in the paper can be
used.

THANK YOU