1.

-----------------------------------------------------

WPS Welding Procedure Specification

PQR Procedure Qualification Record

Purpose of WPS & PQR

To determine that the Weldment proposed
for construction is capable of having the
required properties for its intended
application

WPS
A written document that provides direction to
the welder or welding operator for making
production welds in accordance with the
CODE requirements. It establishes the
properties of the weldment, not the skill of
the welder.

PQR
Shall document what occurred during welding
the test coupon and results of testing of the
coupon.
As a minimum, the PQR shall document all the
essential variables and other specific
information for each process used during
welding the test coupon and the results of the
required testing.

Variables
Essential
Non-essential
Supplementary

essential

Essential Variables
A change in welding condition which will
affect the mechanical properties of the
weldment.
e.g.:
A) Change in P Number
B) Filler metal
C) Electrode
D) PWHT, etc.

Non Essential Variables

A change in welding condition which will
NOT affect the mechanical properties of
the weldment.
e.g. : A) Change in Joint Design
B) Methods of Back gouging
C) Cleaning. etc.

Supplementary Essential
Variables

A change in welding condition which will

affect the Notch-Toughness (Impact)
properties of the weldment.
e.g. : A) Change in Heat input
B) Uphill or Down Vertical welding
C) Diameter of Electrode
D) Position, etc.

Points to be considered for

establishing WPS
Code

of construction
Detailed drawing of
weldment
Material
Thickness
Configuration
Process

Contract/Customer/

Code/TPI
Preheat/Postheat/ PWHT
requirements
Skilled welder
Good welding m/c with
accessories
Application

CONTENTS
OF
WPS / PQR

Joints (QW-402)

Joint Design
(V-groove, U-groove, Single-bevel etc.)

Backing
(YES/NO)

Backing Material Type

(Metal/Non-fusing Metal/Nonmetallic/Others)

Base Metals (QW-403)

P.

Number & Group Number

Specification Type & Grade OR
Chemical Analysis & Mechanical Properties

Thickness

Range
Groove : ______

Pipe

Diameter Range
Groove : ______

Fillet:______

Fillet :_______

Thickness Range
Thickness T of Test Coupon,
Welded, (mm)

Range of Thickness T of Base Metal,

Qualified (mm)
Maximum Thickness t of Deposited
Weld Metal, Qualified, (mm)
Min.
Max.

Less than 1.5

2T

2t

1.5 to 10, incl.

1.5

2T

2t

Over 10, but less than 19

2T

2t

19 to less than 38

2T

2t when t < 19
2T when t > 19

38 and over

200

2t when t < 19
200 when t > 19

Filler Metals (QW-404)

AWS

Classification
SFA Number
F. Number
A. Number

Size

of Filler metal
Flux trade name
Consumable insert
Electrode flux class

Deposited Weld Metal Thickness range

Groove: ______

Fillet:______

F - NUMBERS

F-Number grouping of electrodes &

welding rods is based essentially on their
usability characteristics to reduce the
number of tests required to qualify
procedures and welders.

A - NUMBERS

Used to describe the weld deposit chemistry

and is applicable only to the ferrous metals
for the qualification of a welding procedure.

Position (QW-405)
Position

Of Groove

Position

Of Fillet

Weld

Progression (UP/DOWN)

Others

Preheat (QW-406)
Preheat

Temperature (min.)

Interpass
Preheat
Others

Temperature (max.)

Maintenance

PWHT (QW-407)
Temperature
Time

Range

Others

Range

 Preheat & PWHT requirement

based on Diameter, Thickness
and Composition of
Base Material

GAS (QW-408)
Gas
Shielding
Trailing
Backing

Mix %

Flow Rate

Electrical Characteristics (QW-409)

Current

(AC/DC)
Polarity (EP/EN)
Amps & Volts
W-Electrode type & size
Mode of Metal Transfer (GMAW)
Electrode Wire Feed Speed range

Techniques (QW-410)
Stringer

or Weave Bead
Orifice/Gas Cup Size
Initial or Interpass Cleaning
Method of Back Gauging
Oscillation
Contact Tip to Work Distance
Multiple or Single Pass (per side)
Multiple or Single Electrode
Electrode Spacing
Peening
Others

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

TIRUCHIRAPALLI-620014
WELDING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD

Form No.
101-403
Page 1 of 2

Procedure Qualification Record No

WPS No
:
Welding Process :

Date :
Type :
(Auto,Semi-Auto,Manual,Machine)

JOINTS (QW-402)

BASE METALS (QW-403)

Matl. Specn. :
Type or Grade :
P. No.
:
Thickness
:
Size
:
Others
:

Groove Design used

FILLER METALS (QW-404)
AWS No. (Class)
:
SFA
:
Filler Metal F No.
:
(Weld Metal Analysis) A No :
Filler metal size
:

POSITION (QW-405)
Welding Position
Weld Progression
(Uphill/Downhill)
Others:
PREHEAT (QW-406)
Preheat temp.
Interpass temp.
Postheat
Others

Deposited weld Metal thickness :

Brand
PWHT (QW-407)
Temperature :
Time
:
Others
:

GAS (QW-408)
Shielding
:
Trailing
:
Backing
:

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (QW-409)

Current :
Polarity:
Amps
:
Volt
:
ROL (mm/Electrode) :
Tungsten Electrode type and size:
Mode of metal Transfer:
Others
:

Gas
-------------

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Mixture(%) Flow rate

----------------------------

TECHNIQUE (QW-410)
String/Weave Bead
:
Oscillation
:
Multipass or single pass :
Multiple or single electrode:
Travel speed
:
Others
:

BHEL
Tiruchirappalli-14

Specimen
No.

Page 2 of 2
PQR No.:

Width
mm

Thickness
mm

TENSILE TEST (QW-150)

Area
Ultimate
Ultimate
mm
Total Load
Unit Stress
kN
N/mm

Failure
Location

GUIDED BEND TESTS (QW-160)

Type &
Fig No. QW-462.2

Specimen
No

Notch
Location

Result

Type &
Fog No. QW-462.2

TOUGHNESS TEST (QW-170)

Notch
Test
Impact Values
Lateral Exp.
Type
Temp.
Kg.m
%Shear Mills
CVN2mm
C

Result

Drop Weight
Break

No
Break

FILLET WELD TEST (QW-180)

Result-Satisfactory (Yes/No)
:
Macro Results (Yes/No)
:
Penetration into Parent metal (Yes/No)
:
OTHER TESTS
Type of Test
Result
Report No.
Deposit analysis :
Others

:
:
:
:

Welders Name:
Stamp No.:
Test conducted by: BHEL Plant Laboratory
Test No. :
We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared ,
welded and tested in accordance with the requirements of Sec IX of the ASME code Edition 2004 and
addenda July 2005.
Approved by :

Prepared by :
(XXXXXXXX)
XXXXXXX

(XXXXXXXX)
XXXXXXXXX

BHEL
Tiruchirappalli 14

Page 2 of 2
WPS No : Rev :

PWHT(QW-407)

GAS ( QW - 408)
Gases
Shielding :
Trailing :
Backing :

Temp. Range :
Time Range :
Others
:
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ( QW 409 )
Current (AC/DC)
: See table
Amps (Range)
: See table
Tungsten Electrode type and size
: .
Mode of Metal transfer for (GMAW) : .
Electrode wire feed speed range
: .
Pulsing current (GTAW)
: .
TECHNIQUES (QW-410)
String or Weave Bead
Orifice or Gas cup size
Initial and Interpass Cleaning
Method of Back Gouging
Oscillation
Contact tube to work distance
Multiple or single pass (per side)
Multiple or single Electrode
Electrode spacing
Peening
Others

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Process

Class

Polarity : See table

Volts : See table

.
Nil
Current

Dia.
mm.

flow Rt
-------

Brushing / Chipping / Grinding.

.

Filler
Weld
Layer

Mix %
-------

Type

Amps.

Voltage
Range

Travel speed
Range

Others (Hot
wire,Torch
angle,ROL.)

Root &
Capping
Others
-- do --

Approved by :
(xxxxxxxxx)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Prepared by :
(xxxxxxxxxxxx)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620014
WELDING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

Form No.
101 - 401
Page 1 of 2

WPS No. :
Rev No. :
Welding Process :

Date :
Date : ----

Supporting
PQR No:
Type :
(Auto/Semi-Auto/Manual/Machine)

Application :
JOINTS (QW-402)
Joint Design
Backing (Yes/No)
Backing Material (Type)
Metal/Non fusing metal
Non metallic/Others

:.
:
:

BASE METAL (QW-403)

P.No.:
Group No.:
Spec. Type & Grade
:
Chem. Analysis & Mech. Prop. :
Thickness Range
:Groove :
Pipe Diameter Range :Groove :
Others :

TO

FILLER METALS (QW-404)

AWS No.(Class)
:
Specn. No.(SFA)
:
F.No.
:
A.No.
:
Deposited weld metal thickness range :Groove :
Fillet :
POSITION (QW-405)
Position of Groove
:
Position of Fillet
:
Weld Progression
:
(Up/Down)

P.No.:

Group No.:

.
.
Fillet :
Fillet :

Size of filler metal

Flux trade Name
Consumable insert
Electrode flux class

PREHEAT (QW-406)
Preheat Temp. (min)
:
Inter pass Temp. (max) :
Post heat
:
Others
:

:
:
:
:

Selection of Filler Metal and Electrode.

Tube
Material

P3/Gr1

P4/Gr1

P5A/Gr1

ER80S-G
P1/Gr1,2 (RT Mo)
E7018-1

ER80S-G
(RT Mo)
E7018-1

ER80S-G
(RT Mo)
E7018-1

ER80S-G
(RT Mo)
E7018-1

P3/Gr1

ER80S-G
(RT Mo)
E7018-A1

ER80S-G
(RT Mo)
E7018-A1

ER80S-G
(RT Mo)
E7018-A1

P4/Gr1

P1/Gr1,2

P5B/Gr2

P8/Gr1,2
ERNiCr-3
ENiCrFe-3

ER80S-G
ER80S-G
ER80S-G
ERNiCr-3
(1Cr Mo) (1Cr Mo) (1Cr Mo)
ENiCrFe-3
E8018-B2
E8018-B2
E8018-B2

P5A/Gr1

ER90S-G
ER90S-G
ERNiCr-3
(2Cr1Mo) (2Cr1Mo)
ENiCrFe-3
E9018-B3
E9018-B3

P5B/Gr2

ER90S-B9
E9018-B9

ERNiCr-3
ENiCrFe-3

Dr.K. P. Dhandapani
DGM / Welding Technology Centre
BHEL, Tiruchirapalli

MAKING THE REPAIR WELD

There are THREE separate phases to the job

Preparation for Welding

Repair Welding

Postweld Operation

I. Preparation for Welding

1. SAFETY If heights are involved, proper scaffolding with
safety devices should be used; If welding is enclosed,
preparations for proper ventilation and personnel removal
should be made; If electrical cables are involved, they should
be removed or made inactive.
2. CLEANING The immediate work area must be clean. This
includes removal of dirt, grease, oil, rust, paint & plastic
coverings from the surface of the parts to be welded. Steam
cleaning, solvent cleaning or Power Tool cleaning with
brushes, grinding wheels, disc grindings can be employed.
3. DISASSEMBLY Except for the simplest repair jobs,
disassembly may be required.

I. Preparation for Welding

4. PROTECTION OF ADJACENT MACHINERY AND
MACHINED SURFACES from weld spatter, flame cutting
sparks and foreign material generated by the repair process.
Sheet metal baffles, fire proof cloths etc can be used.
5. BRACING AND CLAMPING On complex repair jobs it
may be required because of the heavy weight of parts or the
fact that loads may be exerted on the parts being weld repaired.
They should be located properly so that they do not interfere
with the repair welding.
6. LAYOUT REPAIR WORK A layout to show the metal that is
to be removed by cutting or gouging.

I. Preparation for Welding

7. PREHEATING When flame cutting or gouging is required,
preheat temperature should be the same or at least one-half the
temperature that will be used for the repair welding operation.
8. CUTTING AND GOUGING The oxygen fuel gas cutting
torch, the air carbon arc gouging process, power tools etc. can
be employed.
9. GRINDING AND CLEANING The resultant surfaces may
not be as smooth as desired and may include burned areas or
oxide, for example. Grind the surfaces to clean bright metal
prior to starting to welding.

II. Repair Welding

1. WELDING PROCEDURE The process to be used, the
specific filler metals, the preheat required, and any other
specific information concerning the welding joint technique.
2. WELDING EQUIPMENT
3. MATERIALS Sufficient materials must be available for the
entire job. This includes the filler metals, insert pieces and
reinforcing pieces, fuel for preheat and Interpass temperature,
shielding gases, and fuel for engine-powered welding
machines.
4. ALIGNMENT MARKERS Useful in maintaining
dimensional control and alignment during the welding
operation.

II. Repair Welding

5. WELDING SEQUENCES Useful to reduce distortion and to
help maintain alignment and dimensional control.
6. WELDING PERSONNEL Skill, Sufficient number.
7. SAFETY e.g.. Sufficient ventilation to be provided when fuel
gases are used for preheating.
8. WELD QUALITY The final weld should be smooth, there
should be no notches and reinforcement, if used, should fair
smoothly into the existing structure. If necessary, grinding
should be done to maintain smooth flow contours.

III. Postweld Operation

1. INSPECTION The finished weld should be inspected for
smoothness and quality. This can include NDE.
2. CLEANUP OPERATION This includes the removal of
strong-backs and the smooth grinding of the points where they
were attached. It also involves the removal of other bracing
and protective cover. In addition, all weld stubs, weld spatter,
weld slag, and other residue should be removed from the repair
area.
3. REPAINTING
4. REASSEMBLY

EXAMPLE
WELDING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
BHEL TIRUCHIRAPALLI
DATE: 09/09/2006
WELDING PROCEDURE FOR REPAIR OF HEADER
Suitable support to be provided at the two ends of the header so as to fix it at its
position. Cut/machine out the central portion of the header that requires
replacement by suitable means. The tubes shall be cut at appropriate distance.
Edge prepare on the two ends of the header and on the tubes as per the relevant
drawing. The header shall be free from chips prior to fit up & welding.
Circumferential Groove Welding. (WPS No.1005/04)
1. Properly align the axis of the central new portion of the header with the old two
header ends and also the axes of the nipple with the tubes and do the fit-up.
2.

Clean the surfaces to be weld and its vicinity (upto a distance of 15mm
minimum) to remove oil, dirt, rust etc.

3.

Preheat the job to 1500C minimum uniformly upto a distance of 75mm

minimum from the joint edges.

4.

Do the root welding using GTAW Process. Use ER80S-G (RT Mo) filler
metal.

5.

Use SMAW process to fill up the groove and complete the welding. Properly
dried E7018-A1 (as per required drying procedure) to be used for welding.

6.

Do the post heating for 2hrs at 1500C temperature and allow it to cool down
slowly to room temperature.

7.

Conduct Radiography Testing on the joint as per the relevant NDT procedure.

8.

If any defect is found do the rework by repeating the above relevant steps after
properly removing the defect by Grinding/Machining/gauging.

9.

When the weld is free from defects, carry out PWHT at 635+150C temperature
with a soaking time of 80min. The rate of heating and cooling above 400 0C
shall be 1100C/hr.

Nipple to Tube Welding (WPS No. 1003/02)

Clean the surfaces on the tube and nipple to be weld and its vicinity (upto a
distance of 15mm minimum) to remove oil, dirt, rust etc.

Do the root welding using GTAW Process. Use ER80S-G (RT Mo) filler
metal.

Use SMAW process to fill up the groove and complete the welding. Properly
dried E7018-1 (as per required drying procedure) to be used for welding.

Conduct Radiography Testing on the joints as per the relevant NDT procedure.

If any defect is found do the rework after properly removing the defect by
Grinding/Machining/ gauging.

Carry out the final inspection on the job as per the relevant approved procedure.

Get approval on weld

repair procedure
SPOT
REPAIR

Carryout NDT in the

defective area

REPAIR
WELDING

IBR clearance for Pr

Part welding repair

CUT & WELD (with/without

spool piece)

Ascertain nature &

location of defect

Remove failed part by

cutting/gouging

Remove the defect

Conduct NDT & ensure the original

defect is completely removed

Edge prepare on base

metal &/or spool piece
Do fit-up

Select equipment, process, welder, consumable,

preheating/PWHT arrangement etc.
Record the above
activities

Conduct NDT &

certify

Carryout weld repair

as per procedure

P. No. &
Gr. No
P1 Gr1

COMMON
NAME
CARBON
STEELS

TUBES

PIPES

PLATES

FORGINGS

CASTINGS

SA179
SA192
SA210GrA1
SA334Gr1
SA334Gr6

SA106GrB
SA333Gr1
SA333Gr6

SA266CL1
SA350LF1

SA216WCA
SA352LCA
SA352LCB

-do-

SA210GrC

SA106GrC

SA105
SA266CL2S
SA350LF2

SA216WCB
SA216WCC
SA352LCC

OTHER
SPEC.

-do-

IS1239

API5LGrB

P3 Gr1

SA209T1
SA213T2
SA213T12
SA213T11
SA213T22
SA213T91
SA199T91

SA335P1
SA335Gr2
SA335P12
SA335P11
SA335P22
SA335P91

SA182F12
SA182F11
SA182F22
SA182F91

SA217WC6

P5A Gr1
P5B Gr2

C Mo
Cr 1/2Mo
1Cr MO
1Cr Mo
2, Cr 1Mo
9Cr1Mo V

SA36
SA515Gr55
SA515Gr60
SA515Gr65
SA516Gr55
SA516Gr60
SA516Gr65
SA515Gr70
SA516Gr70
SA299
IS226
IS2062
BMC10
BMC16
BMC20
SA204GrA
SAA387Gr2
SA387Gr12
SA387Gr11
SA387Gr22
SA387Gr91

P1 Gr2

P8 Gr1

18Cr 8Ni

SA376TP304
SA376TP304H
SA376TP316
SA376TP321
SA376TP347
SA376TP347H

SA240TP304
SA240TP321
SA240TP347

P8 Gr2

25Cr-20Ni
(Type 310)

SA213TP304
SA213TP304H
SA213TP316
SA213TP321
SA213TP347
SA213TP347H
SA213TP310H

SA182F304
SA182F321
SA182F347
SA336F304
SA336F321
SA336F347
SA182F310

SA351CF3
SA351CF8
SA351CF3M
SA351CF8M
SA351CF10
SA351CF10M
SA351CK20

P4 Gr1

SA240TP310

SA217WC1

SA217WC9

Selection of Filler metal and Electrode.

COMMON
NAME
CARBON
STEELS

TUBES

PIPES

Filler material

SA179
SA192
SA210GrA1

SA106GrB
SA333Gr1
SA333Gr6

ER 80S-G
0.5 Mo.

SA210GrC

SA106GrC

C Mo
Cr
1/2Mo

SA209T1
SA213T2

SA335P1
SA335Gr2

1Cr MO
1Cr Mo

SA213T12
SA213T11

2, Cr 1Mo

Electrodes.

Pre heat

PWHT
610 15 Deg C

E 7018-1

NIL

ER 80S-G
0.5 Mo.

E 7018-1

NIL

635 15 Deg C

SA335P12
SA335P11

ER 80S-G
1 Cr, 0.5 Mo.

E 8018-B2

125 Deg C

655 +- 15 Deg
C

SA213T22

SA335P22

ER 90S-G
2.25 Cr, 1 Mo.

E 9018-B3

150 Deg C

695 15 Deg C

9Cr1Mo V SA213T91
SA199T91

SA335P91
ER 90S-B9

E 9018-B9

220 Deg C

760 15 Deg C

18Cr 8Ni

SA376TP304
SA376TP304H Inconnel.
SA376TP316
SA376TP321
SA376TP347
SA376TP347H

SA213TP304
SA213TP304H
SA213TP316
SA213TP321
SA213TP347
SA213TP347H

E308, E309,
E310, E316
E347
(Based on
Material
Specification.)

BM used for procedure qualification coupon

Base Metals Qualified

One metal from a P-No. to any metal from the

same P-No.

Any metal assigned that P or S No.

One metal from a P-No. to any metal from the

any other P-No.

Any metal assigned the 1st P or S No. to any

metal assigned the 2nd P or S No.

One metal from P-No. 3 to any metal from P-No. Any P or S No. 3 metal to any metal
3
assigned P or S No. 3 or 1
One metal from P-No. 4 to any metal from P-No. Any P or S No. 4 metal to any metal
4
assigned P or S No. 4, 3 or 1
One metal from P-No. 5A to any metal from PNo. 5A

Any P or S No. 5A metal to any metal

assigned P or S No. 5A, 4, 3 or 1

One metal from P-No. 5A to any metal from PNo. 4, 3 or 1

Any P or S No. 5A metal to any metal

assigned P or S No. 4, 3 or 1

One metal from P-No. 4 to any metal from P-No. Any P or S No. 4 metal to any metal
3 or 1
assigned P or S No. 3 or 1
Any unassigned metal to the same unassigned
metal

The unassigned metal to itself

Any unassigned metal to any P-No. metal

The unassigned metal to any metal assigned

to the same P or S No. as the qualified metal

Any unassigned metal to any other unassigned

metal

The first unassigned metal to the second

unassigned metal

S - Number
They are mostly ASTM specification
materials that have not been adopted within
Section II, Part D but that are referred within
Code Cases and the ASME B31 Code.
e.g. A 588 Gr A
A 576 G10100

S-No. 3
Group No. 1
S-No. 1
Group No. 1

SFA NO.
5.01
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22

DESCRIPTION
Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines
Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxy Fuel Gas Welding
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes
Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes
Filler Metal for Brazing and Braze Welding
Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods
Bare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting
Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods
Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron
Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Rods and Electrodes
Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32

Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electro-slag Welding
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electro-gas Welding

Carbon steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
SS Electrodes for FCAW and SS Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
Consumable Inserts
Fluxes and Brazing and Braze Welding
Welding Shielding Gases

F-Number

Description

CS, LAS and certain SS (EXX2X) electrodes

CS titania-coated (EXX12, EXX13, EXX14 & EXX19)

electrodes

CS cellulose-coated (EXX10 & EXX11) electrodes

CS & LAS all position, low hydrogen (EXX15, EXX16,

EXX18 & EXX48) electrodes & martensitic, ferritic &
ppt. hardening SS all position (EXX15, EXX16 &
EXX17) electrodes

Austenitic and duplex SS all-position (EXX15, EXX16

& EXX17) electrodes

Solid, Flux-cored & composite ferrous electrodes & rods

---

---

F - NUMBERS (QW - 432)

Steel and Steel Alloys
F-No. ASME Classification AWS Classification
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.4
SFA-5.4
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.5

EXX20
EXX22
EXX24
EXX27
EXX28
EXXX(X)-25
EXXX(X)-26
EXX20-X
EXX27-X

2
2
2
2
2

SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.5

EXX12
EXX13
EXX14
EXX19
E(X)XX13-X

3
3
3
3

SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.5

EXX10
EXX11
E(X)XX10-X
E(X)XX11-X

4
4
4
4
4

SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1
SFA-5.1

EXX15
EXX16
EXX18
EXX18M
EXX48

F-No. ASME Classification

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex

SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex
SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.5
SFA-5.5

AWS Classification
EXXX(X)-15
EXXX(X)-16
EXXX(X)-17
E(X)XX15-X
E(X)XX16-X
E(X)XX18-X
E(X)XX18M
E(X)XX18M1

5 SFA-5.4 austenitic and duplex

5 SFA-5.4 austenitic and duplex
5 SFA-5.4 austenitic and duplex

EXXX(X)-15
EXXX(X)-16
EXXX(X)-17

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
All classifications
INMs-X
IN5XX
IN3XX(X)

SFA-5.2
SFA-5.9
SFA-5.17
SFA-5.18
SFA-5.20
SFA-5.22
SFA-5.23
SFA-5.25
SFA-5.26
SFA-5.28
SFA-5.29
SFA-5.30
SFA-5.30
SFA-5.30

Weld Metal Analysis, % [Single values shown are maximum ]

ANo.

Types of Weld Deposit

Cr

Mo

Ni

Mn

Si

Mild Steel

0.20

1.60

1.00

Carbon-Molybdenum

0.15

0.50

0.40-0.65

1.60

1.00

Chrome (0.4% to 2%)Molybdenum

0.15

0.40-2.00

0.40-0.65

1.60

1.00

Chrome (2% to 6%)Molybdenum

0.15

2.00-6.00

0.40-1.50

1.60

2.00

Chrome (6% to 10.5%)Molybdenum

0.15

6.00-10.50

0.40-1.50

1.20

2.00

Chrome-Martensitic

0.15

11.00-15.00

0.70

2.00

1.00

Chrome-Ferritic

0.15

11.00-30.00

1.00

1.00

3.00

Chromium-Nickel

0.15

14.50-30.00

4.00

7.50-15.00

2.50

1.00

Chromium-Nickel

0.30

19.00-30.00

6.00

15.00-37.00

2.50

1.00

10

Nickel to 4%

0.15

0.55

0.80-4.00

1.70

1.00

11

Manganese-Molybdenum

0.17

0.25-0.75

0.85

1.25-2.25

1.00

12

Nickel-ChromeMolybdenum

0.15

1.50

0.25-0.80

1.25-2.80

0.75-2.25

1.00

Filler metals suitable for welding joints between

dissimilar austenitic stainless steels
Base Metal

304L 308

309

309S

310

310S

316,316H 316L

317

321,321H 347,347H,348,348H

304,304H,305 308L 308L 308,309 308,309 308,309, 310 308,309, 310 308,316

308,316

304L

308L,316L 308,316, 317 308L,347 308L,347

308
309

308L 308,309 308,309 308,309, 310 308,309, 310 308,316

308,309 308,309 308,309, 310 308,309, 310 308,316

308

308,316

308,316, 317 308

308,347

309,310

309,310

308,316

309,316

309,316

309,347

309,347

309,310

309S,310S

308,316

309S,316L 310,317

309,347

309,347

316

310,316

317

308,310

308,310

310S

316

316,317

308,310

308,310

316,316H

316

317

308,316

308,316, 347

316L

316L

316L,347

317

308,317

308,317, 347

309S
310

321,321H

309

308,316, 317 308

308L,347

Carbon Steel
BM SPECIFICATION

SA210GrA1, SA210GrC

FILLER METAL

ER80S-G (0.5Mo), E7018-1

PWHT TEMPERATURE

610+15 deg.C

Diameter
mm

Thickness
mm

Preheat (min.)
Deg. C

PWHT

Remarks

ALL

< 19

Nil

Nil

C < 0.25%

ALL

<9

Nil

Nil

C < 0.30%

Low Alloy Steel (0.5Mo)

BM SPECIFICATION

SA209T1

FILLER METAL

ER80S-G (0.5Mo), E7018-A1

PWHT TEMPERATURE

635+15 deg.C

Diameter
mm
< 127

Thickness
mm
< 13

Preheat (min.)
Deg. C
Nil

PWHT

Nil

Remarks

Low Alloy Steel (1Cr,0.5Mo)

BM SPECIFICATION

SA213T11, SA213T12

FILLER METAL

ER80S-G (1Cr,0.5Mo), E8018-B2

PWHT TEMPERATURE

655+15 deg.C

Diameter
mm
< 127

Thickness
mm
< 13

Preheat (min.)
Deg. C
125

PWHT

Nil

Remarks

Low Alloy Steel (2.25Cr,1Mo)

BM SPECIFICATION

SA213T22

FILLER METAL

ER90S-G (2.25Cr,1Mo), E9018-B3

PWHT TEMPERATURE

695+15 deg.C

Diameter
mm
< 102

Thickness
mm
<8

Preheat (min.)
Deg. C
150

PWHT

Nil

Remarks

C < 0.15%
Cr < 3.0%

Alloy Steel (9Cr,1Mo,0.25V)

BM SPECIFICATION

SA213T91

FILLER METAL

ER90S-B9, E9018-B9

PWHT TEMPERATURE

760+10 deg.C

PREHEAT TEMPERATURE 220 deg.C

For all Dia. and Thickness, PWHT is mandatory

Kinkar P. Narzary
Welding Engineer / Welding Technology Centre
BHEL, Tiruchirapalli
Ph. 0431-2575546
E-mail: kinkar@bheltry.co.in