Docks:

Docks are enclosed areas for berthing the

ships to keep them afloat at a uniform level to
facilitate loading and unloading cargo.

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCKS:
Docks can be classified into following two
categories:
Wet docks.
Dry docks.

 WET DOCKS:
Docks required for berthing of
ships or vessels to facilitate the loading and
unloading of passengers and cargo are called
wet docks. These are also known as harbor
docks.

CONSTRUCTION OF WET DOCKS

Wet docks are large areas of water bounded by vertical solid walls
against which vessels tie up.

The walls must be impermeable to retain the water at high tide

level.

Locks are provided if entry to the dock is desired at times other

than high tide

The walls may be formed by sinking monoliths to a suitable depth

and joining them together with insitu concrete.

A space of 2 to 3 meters is left between the monoliths to facilitate

jointing and finishing.

Alternatively, the walls may be constructed with deep diaphragms,

decking being supported by cross-wall diaphragm.

 DRY DOCKS:
The docks used for repairs of ships are known as
dry docks.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRY DOCKS:

Dry docks are classified in the following
three categories:
Graving dry docks.
Floating dry dock.
Marine railway dock.

 GRAVING DRY DOCK:

It is long excavated chamber,
having side walls, a semi circular end
wall and a floor. The open end of the
chamber is provided with a gate and
acts as the entrance to the dock.

CONSTRUCTION OF GRAVING DOCK

Sheet piles are installed.
The site sand is partly excavated and the water is removed.
The concrete floor is laid after excavation.
The side walls are formed with a series of steps to receive the
end of shores which support the ship in a vertical position.
On the floor keel blocks are fixed on which the ship is brought
to rest when the water from dock is removed.
A gate is provided at the opening of dock for entrance and
with drawl of ship.

GRAVING DOCK CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM

 FLOATING DRY DOCK:

It may be defined as a floating
vessel, which can lift ship out of water and
retain it above water by means of its own
buoyancy. It is a hollow structure made of
steel or R.C.C consisting of two walls and a
floor with the ends open. It is often used to
rescue damaged ships in sea.

CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCKS

It

is a hollow structure of steel, or concrete

consisting of two side walls and a floor, with the

ends open.
To receive

a ship, the structure is sunk to required

depth by ballasting its interior chambers with

water, the ship is then floated into position and
berthed.

 MARINE RAILWAY DOCK:

The marine railway or slip dock
is an inclined railway extending from the
shore well into the water. This railway
track is used to draw out a ship needing
repair out of the water.

CONSTRUCTION OF MARINE RAILWAY DOCK

A set of piles is provided.
longitudinal timbers(used as sleepers) are set on
beams which are resting on piles.
A steel cradle is constructed which moves on an
inclined track provided with kneel block.

MARINE RAILWAY DOCK CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM