NEOPLASIA

Neo new
Plasia growth
Neoplasia - new growth
Oncology study of neoplasia
Oncos tumor
Ology study

NEOPLASIA
Neoplasia - new growth, non-cancerous or cancerous.
Pre-Cancerous Lesions.
HYPERPLASIA - excess proliferation leading to an increase in
number of cells & increase in size of the tissue/organ.
Causes,
chronic irritation, excess hormones.
HYPERTROPHY - increase in size of cells & tissue without any
increase in number of cells. It is due to increased functional activity
of any tissue.
ATROPHY - simple decrease in size of cells leading to shrinkage of
tissues & organs.
METAPLASIA - change of one type of tissue to another type of
different tissue at a place. There may be associated hyperplasia.
Usual cause is chronic irritation.
DYSPLASIA - disordered cellular development leading to
abnormal & variable number of cells with change in shape,
arrangement & increased mitosis. It is a Pre-malignant condition.

NEOPLASIA
Neoplastic Growth - abnormal proliferation of cells in
a tissue or organ leading to new growth formation.
Features:

Progression.
Purposeless.
Regardless of surrounding tissue.
Not related to body needs.
Parasitic in nature.

Classification.
Clinical - (behavior & morbidity) - Benign & Malignant.
Histological - according to origin from type of tissue.

Epithelia & Glands - (omas & carcinoma)

Mesodermic / Connective tissue (omas & sarcomas)
Neural Ectoderm (according to type of neural cells)
Hemopoietic tissue (myeoldyspalsia & leukemia)
Lymphoid tissue (lymphoma & lymphosarcoma)

Nomenclature

NEOPLASIA
(CLINICAL FEATURES)

FEATURES

BENIGN

MALIGNANT

Rate of Growth Slow progression

Usually rapid progress

Shape of
Growth
Relationship to
srrounding
Spread of
Growth

Irregular illdefined &

non-capsulated
Invade & destroy normal
tissues
Local & distant spread
via, lymph, blood &
serous cavities
METASTASIS.

Well demarcated
often encapsulated
Merely compress
normal tissues
Remains locallized

NEOPLASIA
(Classification of Tumor Cells according to their Appearance)

DIFFERENTIATED

Similar to their parent of origin

UNDIFFERENTIATED

Shape & structure differ from

original cells.

in shape & structure.

Evidence of normal function.

Abnormal function.

Nuclei of same size & shape.

Abnormal Nuclear
configuration & appearance.

Infrequent Mitotic figures.

Signifies a Simple Growth.
Course & Prognosis is Good

Abnormal Mitosis.

Signifies a Malignant Growth.

Course & Prognosis is Poor.

CARCINOGENESIS

CARCINOGENESIS

Host reaction successful

Restoration of Normal
cells

Physical agents.
Chemical agents.
Viruses.

Mutant cell
Loss of identity
Increased mitosis
Normal Cell

Susceptible cell

Co-factors
Hereditary & Age
Environment
Hormonal Status
Chronic Irritation

Host reaction failure

continued proliferation
MALIGNANCY

Progression of Neoplasia

Progression of Neoplasia

Progression of Neoplasia

Neoplasia Diagnosis

Neoplasia Diagnosis