Types of

malocclusion
Made by Cristian
Corceac & Andrian
Nour

Various systems of
classification:

Angle system and its modifications

Simons system
Etiological classification
Baume classification of primary teeth
Ackermann classification
Ballards classification
WHO classification

Angles classification of
malocclusion:

Was considered the father of modern

orthodontics
Based on the mesio-distal relation of
the teeth, dental arches and jaws
Maxillary 1 permanent molar- key to
occlusion.

Class I malocclusion:
Class I molar relationship:
-mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary
first molar occludes in the buccal
groove of the mandibular 1
permanent molar.

Angles class II
malocclusion:
Class II molar relationship- distobuccal cusp of the upper first
permanent molar occludes in the
buccal groove of the lower 1 molar.
It is sub classified into:
-class II division 1
-class II division 2

Class II div 1:

Proclined upper incisors

Presence of abnormal muscle
activity- characteristic feature
Altered tongue position- accentuates
Narrowing of upper arch

Class II div 2:

Lingually inclined upper central

incisors
Labially tipped lateral incisors
overlapping the centrals
Normal perioral muscle activity
Abnormal backward path of closure

This study was designed to analyze

the effect of class II malocclusion
as a factor in the development of
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Class III malocclusion:

Class III molar relationship:
-Mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar
occludes in the interdental space
between the distal cusp of mandibular
first molar and second molar.
-Classified into:
a. True class III
b. Pseudoclass III

Features of class III

malocclusion

A concave facial profile;

A retrusive nasomaxillar area;
Prominent lower third of the face;
Narrow upper arch;
Reduced or reversed overjet.

Cause
Skeletal pattrn(Class III)

Aetiology
- Long mandible;
- Forward placement of glenoid fossa
positioning the mandible more
anteriorly;
-Short and/or retrognathic maxilla;
-Short anterior cranial base

Anterior mandibular displacement on - Premature contact

closure

Retained primary upper incisors

Restrained of maxillary growth

These may deflect the eruption path

of their successors palatally into
crossbite
- Found in repaired cleft lip & palate
& attributed to the effect of
postsurgical scar tissue

True class III

Lower incisors lingually inclined

Lower tongue posture- narrow upper
arch.

Pseudo class III

Caused by forward movement of the

mandible- postural or habitual class
III
Causes of pseudo class III: occlusal
prematurity loss of deciduous molars
large adenoids.

The benefits attributed to the treatment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion

in the mixed dentition are:
preventing unfavourable growth of skeletal components (in fact, early
treatment of anterior crossbite can help to minimize adaptations that are
often seen in severe late adolescent malocclusion);2

preventing functional posterior crossbite and habits, such as bruxism

that can develop from anterior or posterior interferences;11

gaining space for eruption of canines (lack of space could be caused by

retro-inclination of upper incisors frequently found in pseudo or Class III
malocclusion);3

avoiding the risk of periodontal problems to mandibular incisors

caused by the traumatic occlusion due to the crossbite.

Short comings of Angles

classification:

Does not consider malocclusion in vertical and

transverse plane.
Cannot be applied if first permanent molars are
missing.
Cannot be used in deciduous dentition.
Does not indicate the etiology of malocclusion.
No skeletal relationship is considered.
Malfunctions of muscles and bones are overlooked.
Does not indicate the complexity of the problem.
First permanent molar not a fixed point

Treatment:

Frankel
Kirax
McNamara
Twin blocks
Herbst
Distal Jet
Bionator

Frankel

Hyrax:

TwinBlock:

Herbst:

Distal Jet:

Bionator:

Thank You