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SPM1702

Reka Bentuk Perisian Multimedia


Sesi 2007 / 2008
Semester 2
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Megi vs Lemang??
Power Of Mind??
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

What factors influences your knowledge?

 Previous Learning / Information?

 Current Information / Environmental?

 Social Interaction?

 Process of thinking? 3 phases of thinking (Piaget)?


The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Objectives :

 Definition of constructivism
 Apply the constructivism into instructional design
 Define the advantages and in-advantages of
constructivism theory
 Give an example of constructivism in software design
& development
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Intro :

 Pioneer : Jerome Brunner (1966)


 Main element : Learning is active process which
construct the knowledge / new concept based on
experiences
 Constructing the knowledge by cognitive structure
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Intro :

 Cognitive structure (including schematic & mental


structure) giving the meaning into student
experiences.

 This cognitive structure can give students more


learning experiences from current information
(current learning process)
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Konstruktivisme – Three main element :

• Every single individu construct their own knowledge /


worldview through self experiences.

From that we can conclude that there are no true or


false knowledge representation (perwakilan
pengetahuan) (Kant in Von Glaserfeld, 1984, Hawkins,
1994)
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design
Konstruktivisme – Three main element :

• Learning process occur when there are In-equilibrium


between previous information & new experiences or
information. (Piaget, 1929) called this process as
disequilibrium or dissonance.

Accommodation : process changing the knowledge


representation (perwakilan pengetahuan) or previous
knowledge to carry on new experiences
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design
Konstruktivisme – Three main element :

3. (Vygotsky, 1978). The important part in learning


process is the social interaction between learning
group
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Moshman (1982) : Classification of constructivism ;

• Constructivism endogenous – emphasize on knowledge


development by student.
Teacher : as a facilitator of disequilibrium by giving
related experiences.

• Constructivism exogenous – formal teaching process


will be constructing on knowledge which can
accommodated / relating into accepted experiences.
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Moshman (1982) : Classification of constructivism ;

 Constructivism dialectic – learning process occur


through realistic experiences, student needs
scaffolding (bantuan) by teacher & collaboration
between learning group.
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

In general :

Constructivism : we as single individu develop our own


perspective of worldview through experiences &
schematic. This will be focusing on solve the “unclear”
problem.
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Constructivism from Merrill perspective :

 Experiences will be developing the knowledge


 Learning is a translation of personal worldview
 Learning is an active process which worldview /
meaning develop from experiences.
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

The implication of constructivism theory onto teaching


process :

 Teacher : emphasize the discovery learning while in


learning process.
 Teacher and student actively in interaction.
 Teacher : “adjust” the teaching process depends on
students abilities.
 Teacher : using the effective teaching method to
develop knowledge on students.
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Learning & Constructivism :

 Constructivism term refer to “construct” or “develop”


 Constructivism is a view of learning that knowledge is
constructing in our mind based on related
experiences.
The Applications of Constructivism into
Instructional Design

Learning & Constructivism :

 Constructivism emphasize develop the knowledge by


actively way through previous & current learning
(interchangeable between previous & current learning)

 Main element in constructivism : human develop their


own knowledge by actively process ; compare new
information with previous understanding / knowledge
Five Phase 0f T&L By Needham
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Instructional inside the CAL must be based on


student previous learning.

Eg : Use set induction

 Provide environment / situation that ‘provoke’ /


motivated student for learning.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Example :

• Set induction : ask student about UMRAH, then


related the previous knowledge about UMRAH into
new T&L process.
• Provide more information about UMRAH via
multimedia elements & controlling button.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Structured on CAL (give more understanding to


students)

 Example : Provide main menu & sort sub-menu by


theme
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Design on CAL must be easier to explorer by students


& ‘motivated’ student to construct the knowledge in
mind.

 Example : Give related example (based on real


situation) or analogy and also provide more ‘real
context situation’ as an example.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Design on CAL must be on multiple perspective.

 Implement the collaboration tools & communication,


database access. All this tools provide student to
learn from multiple perspective.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 CAL must be ‘centralized’ on students.


 Student are free to choose topic.

 Generated their own generalization.


 Planning their own learning.
 There are exit button available on every screen.

 Authentic activities on CAL


 Eg : Use simulation strategy such as chemical lab
environment.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 More controlling tools for students. So, students can


control their own learning & from that, they can make
a correlation between previous & new knowledge.

 Sort CAL content by ‘top down’ list.

 Eg :First, Overview the subject / situation then


specific it into fact / specific information.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Motivated student to discover their own learning by


implement it into CAL.

 Student must be providing by discover activities of


learning principe.

 Student can control the learning strategies which in


line with student ability or how they process the
information.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

• Help students to make the generalization on learning


process and transfer it into another situation used
different context.
The Applications of Constructivism into Design &
Development of CAL

 Students are provide by “over activities” than their


abilities, then teacher or computer helps this student
solve the problem.

 Implement the Intrinsic motivation into CAL.


The advantages & in-advantages of constructivism

Advantages :

 This theory provide student to translate their own


knowledge into multiple perspective
 Students can implement / apply their own knowledge
into various of situation.
The advantages & in-advantages of constructivism

In-advantages :

 The problem is when every single individu posing their


own “true” idea.

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