Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Spring 2011
Meeting Days: W
Textbook: Essentials of Computer Architecture, Author: Douglas E. Comer, 2005, Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter Five
Processor Types and Instruction Sets
Instruction Set
Set of operations the hardware recognizes
Representation the hardware uses for each
operation
The set of operations a processor provides
represents a tradeoff among the copst of the
hardware, the convenience for a programmer,
and engineering considerations such as
power consumption
Instruction Formats
Fixed-Length
Requires less complex hardware
Processor can operate at higher speeds
Can fetch and decode instruction without examining
opcode
Registers
General Purpose
Fixed size
Supports fetch and store
Acts as temporary storage facility
Small number of registers, < 100
Usually large enough to hold an integer
Processor does 32 bit arithmetic, registers have 32
bits
Registers
Programming with Registers
Operands stored in general purpose registers
Place results in general purpose registers
Must move value to registers and from registers
load a copy of X into register 3
Load a copyh of Y into register 6
Add the value in register 3 to the value in register 6
and place the result in register 7
Store a copy of the value in register 7 in Z
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
Fetch
instruction
Examine
opcode
Fetch
operands
Perform
operations
Store
results
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
Fetch
instruction
Examine
opcode
Fetch
operands
Perform
operations
Store
results
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
Types of Operations
Instructions are divided into basic
categories
Use registers
Faster, but limited number which may cause conflict
with operands
Could use a register window
Subset of registers used to pass parameters
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights
FromEssentialsofComputerArchitecturebyDouglasE.Comer.ISBN0131491792.2005PearsonEducation,Inc.Allrights