FREQUENCY

RESPONSE
MOHAMAD AMIRUL AZIM BIN MOHD

RIZAL(1051)
MUHAMMAD AMIRUL IMANI (1139)
MUHAMMAD AZRUL FARIZAL (1175)
WAN MUHAMMAD SHAZMEE (1183)
MUHMAMMAD AKMAL
(1031)
SAMSON PHONG
(1182)

Frequency Response
The frequency response curve is a visual

representation of the quality of amplitude over

frequency generated by specific components.
The graph depicting a frequency response
curve will have a vertical axis and a horizontal
axis. The vertical axis is usually labeled as the
level of sound, also called amplitude, in
decibels (dB), while the horizontal axis is
labeled as the frequency, the vibration that is
captured by your ear and is measured in hertz
(Hz).

A frequency-response curve is a graphical

representation of the relationship between

amplifier gain and operating frequency. A
generic frequency response curve is shown in
Figure 1. This particular curve illustrates the
relationship between power gain and
frequency. As shown:

Frequency Response
Curve
The circuit power gain remains relatively constant across the

midband range of frequencies.

As operating frequency decreases from the midband area of
the curve, a point is reached where the power gain begins to
drop off. The frequency at which power gain equals 50% of
its midband value is called the lower cutoff frequency ( ).
As operating frequency increases from the midband area of
the curve, a point is reached where the power gain begins to
drop off again. The frequency at which power gain equals
50% of its midband value is called the upper cutoff
frequency ( ).
Note that the bandwidth of the circuit is found as the
difference between the cutoff frequencies. By formula,

The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit that

indicates the ratio of a physical quantity

(usually power or intensity) relative to a
specified or implied reference level. A ratio in
decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10
of the ratio of two power quantities. Being a
ratio of two measurements of a physical
quantity in the same units, it is a
dimensionless unit. A decibel is one tenth of a
bel, a seldom-used unit.

The decibel is widely known as a measure of sound

pressure level, but is also used for a wide variety of

other measurements in science and engineering, most
prominently in acoustics, electronics, and control
theory. In electronics, the gain of amplifiers, attenuation
of signals, and signal to noise ratios are often expressed
in decibels. It confers a number of advantages, such as
the ability to conveniently represent very large or small
numbers, a logarithmic scaling that roughly corresponds
to the human perception of sound and light, and the
ability to carry out multiplication of ratios by simple
addition and subtraction.

The calculation of the ratio in decibels varies

depending on whether the quantity being

measured is a power quantity or a field
quantity.
A field quantity is a quantity such as voltage,

current, sound pressure, electric field

strength, velocity and charge density, the
square of which in linear systems is
proportional to power. A power quantity is a
power or a quantity directly proportional to