A

PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC OF

APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR
ENERGY
 Introduction
Solar energy is an non-degrading energy.

It is very useful to our human being for this glowing time.

It is useful to revoulutioning and develop our human

being
 Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is derived from any source that

can be naturally replenished. When energy is produced using traditional
methods, natural resources such as coal and wood are used.

Types of renewable energy sources include

water power,

solar power,

wind power, and biofuels.

The world needs renewable energy because most of the energy

produced now is produced using fossil fuels that do not have an unlimited
supply. Eventually, these fossil fuels will no longer be available, and we will
need to other sources of energy.
How does solar energy work?

Solar energy is simply the light and heat given off by

the sun. Only about half of the actual energy produced by the sun
makes it to earth; the other half is reflected back into space by our
atmosphere. The solar energy that makes it through the clouds to us is
easy to see and feel.

Solar energy storage

Batteries for storage

Natural zeolites for solar energy storage
Sensible heat storage
Latent heat storage
Chemical reaction energy storage
 APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is a heat energy

it have a useful applications in various areas
City Residential homes
•
Industrial Applications
•
Water Pumping, lighting, heating in the Developing
World
Central Power Stations
•
Commercial buildings
•
Other Recreational Applications
City Residential homes
Recent years have seen rapid growth in the number of
installations of PV on to buildings that are connected to the
electricity grid. This area of demand has been stimulated in
part by government subsidy programmes (especially Japan
and Germany) and by green pricing policies of utilities or
electricity service providers (e.g. in Switzerland and the
USA).
The central driving force though comes
from the desire of individuals or companies to obtain their
electricity from a clean, non-polluting, renewable source for
which they are prepared to pay a small premium.

Solar PV modules can be retrofitted on to a

pitched roof above the existing roof-tiles, or the tiles
replaced by specially designed PV roof-tiles or roof-tiling
systems.
A parabolic dish and Stirling engins
system, which concentrates sunlight
to produce useful solar power.
About  the half incoming solar
energy reaches the Earth's surface.
 
Average insolation showing land area
(small black dots) required to
replace the world primary energy
supply with solar electricity. 18 TW
is 568 Exajoule (EJ) per year.
Insolation for most people is from
150 to 300 W/m² or 3.5 to 7.0
kWh/m²/day.
 Greenhouses like these in the Westland
municipality of the Netherlands grow vegetables, fruits and
flowers.

Agriculture seeks to optimize the capture of

solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of
plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored
row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the
mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields.
Industrial Applications

For many years, Solar Energy has been the power supply of choice for
Industrial applications, where power is required at remote locations.
This means in these applications that solar power is economic, without
subsidy. Most systems in individual uses require a few kilowatts of
power.

The examples are powering repeater stations for

microwave, TV and radio, telemetry and radio telephones.

Solar energy is also frequently used on transportation

signalling e.g. offshore navigation buoys, lighthouses, aircraft warning
lights on pylons or structures, and increasingly in road traffic warning
signals.
Solar is used to power environmental and situation
monitoring equipment and corrosion protection systems
(based on impressing a current) for pipelines, well-heads,
and bridges or other structures. As before, for larger
electrical loads it can be cost effective to configure a
hybrid power system that links the PV with a small diesel
generator.

Solar's great benefit here is that it is highly

reliable and requires little maintenance so it's ideal in
places that are hard to get to.
•Darmstadt University of
Technology in Germany won the
2007 Solar Decathlon in
Washington, D.C. with this
passive house designed
specifically for the humid
and hot subtropical climate.
•
•
•Sunlight has influenced
building design since the
beginning of architectural
history. Advanced solar
architecture and urban
planning methods were first
employed by the Greeks and
Chinese, who oriented their
buildings toward the south to
provide light and warmth.
•
Water Pumping , lighting , heating in the
Developing World

Apart from off-grid homes, other remote buildings such as schools, community
halls, and clinics can all benefit from electrification with Solar Energy. This can
power TV, video, telephony and a range of refrigeration equipment, which is
available to meet World Health Organization standards for vaccine
refrigeration, for instance .
PV Systems can be used to pump water in remote areas e.g. as part of a portable
water supply system.

To meet the largest power requirements in an off-grid location, the PV system is

sometimes best configured with a small diesel generator. This means that the
PV system no longer has to be sized to cope with the worst sunlight conditions
available during the year. The diesel generator can then provide the back-up
power, but its use is minimized during the rest of the year by the PV system, so
fuel and maintenance costs are kept low.

Solar energy can also power area lighting to enable more outdoor activities after
dark or improve security, and to illuminate signs or advertising boards.
 Central Power Stations

Central Power applications use solar energy in the same

configuration that a Utility would utilize a major power station.
This is distinctly different from the other applications on this
page, which are known as "distributed power" or power
distributed in small aggregate amounts of power, usually close to
the point of use of the electricity.

Central solar power generation plants have been

installed in Italy, US and Spain, for example. However, all these
plants are "pilot" in nature. Central solar plants may be attractive
under certain conditions, but they do not capitalize on the
competitive strengths of solar PV in terms of its flexibility of
location (i.e. being located close to the customer) and its ability to
be installed incrementally
Solar water heaters facing the Sun to
maximize gain.
Solar hot water systems use sunlight
to heat water. In low geographical
latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60
to 70% of the domestic hot water use
with temperatures up to 60 °C can be
provided by solar heating systems.
The most common types of solar water
heaters are evacuated tube collectors
(44%) and glazed flat plate
collectors (34%) generally used for
domestic hot water; and unglazed
plastic collectors (21%) used mainly
to heat swimming pools.
As of 2007, the total installed
capacity of solar hot water systems
is approximately 154 GW. China is the
world leader in their deployment with
70 GW installed as of 2006 and a long
term goal of 210 GW by 2020. 
Small scale solar powered
sewerage treatment plant.
Solar distillation can be used
to make saline or brackish water
potable. The first recorded
instance of this was by 16th
century Arab alchemists. A large-
scale solar distillation project
was first constructed in 1872 in
the Chilean mining town of Las
Salinas. The plant, which had
solar collection area of
4,700 m², could produce up to
22,700 L per day and operated
for 40 years. Individual still
designs include single-slope,
double-slope (or greenhouse
type), vertical, conical, inverted
absorber, multi-wick, and
multiple effect. These stills
can operate in passive, active,
or hybrid modes. Double-slope
stills are the most economical
for decentralized domestic
purposes, while active multiple
effect units are more suitable
for large-scale applications
Other Recreational Applications

Solar Power is frequently used in consumer product applications which

require small amounts of energy (like calculators).

Another frequent use is for Recreation Vehicles (RVs) and Boating to

recharge the battery for recreational use activities.
Daylighting features such as
this oculus at the top of the
Pantheon, in Rome, Italy have
been in use since antiquity.
The history of lighting is
dominated by the use of
natural light. The Romans
recognized a right to light as
early as the 6th century and
English law echoed these
judgments with the
Prescription Act of 1832. In
the 20th century artificial
lighting became the main
source of interior
illumination but daylighting
techniques and hybrid solar
lighting solutions are ways to
reduce energy consumption.
Solar Two's thermal storage system generated electricity during
cloudy weather and at night.
Solar energy is not available at night, and energy storage is an
important issue because modern energy systems usually assume
continuous availability of energy.
Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at
domestically useful temperatures for daily or seasonal durations
Australia hosts the World Solar Challenge where solar cars like the
Nuna3 race through a 3,021 km (1,877 mi) course from Darwin to Adelaide.
Development of a solar powered car has been an engineering goal since
the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car
race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over
3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to
Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was
67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed
had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph).
Helios UAV in solar powered flight.
In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the
first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made
the first flight in a solar powered, fully controlled, man
carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet
(12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted
flights powered solely by photovoltaics. This was quickly
followed by the Solar Challenger which crossed the English
Channel in July 1981. In 1990 Eric Raymond in 21 hops flew
from California to North Carolina using solar power
Conclusion:

For many years, Solar Energy has been the power supply
of choice for Industrial applications, where power is required at remote
locations. This means in these applications that solar power is
economic, without subsidy. Most systems in individual uses require a
few kilowatts of power.

In this time ,our natural resources are in an destroying stage.

but by means of alternative energy sourcing , it is help for our human
being.