PRESENTED BY:

NADZLEEN BT MOHD SHARIP

2009629796
PREPARED FOR:
EN MUHAMMAD FUAD B. ABDUL KARIM

BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION

Introduction
Learning is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or

observable behaviour that results from practice or

experience.
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour (or

behavioral tendency) that occurs as a result of a persons

interaction with the environment.

Definition
Behaviour modification can be define as a theory that explains

learning in terms of the antecedents and consequences of

behavior.
It is also known as operant conditioning and reinforcement

theory.
It represents the application of reinforcement concept to

individuals in the work setting.

A-B-Cs of
Behavior Modification

Antecedents
What happens before
behaviour

Behaviour
What person says or
does

Consequences
What happens after
behaviour

Continue
The objective of behaviour modification is to change

behaviour (B) by managing its antecedents (A) and

consequences (C)
Antecedents (A): It is an event prior the behaviour. For

example is that employees before this are not motivated to do

their job, then the manager informs that there will be bonus this
month to employees who performs.
Here, we can see that when the consequences of that
particular action is attracting, it can attract people to change
their behaviour.

CONTINUE
Consequences (C) : It is an event following a

particular behaviour that influence its future

occurrence.
Basically, people tend to repeat behaviours that are
followed by pleasant consequences that are less likely
to repeat behaviours that are followed by unpleasant
consequences or no consequences at all.

Contingencies of Reinforcement
Behaviour modification identifies four types of consequences,

called the contingencies of reinforcement, that increase,

maintain, or reduce the probability that behaviour will be
repeated.
Positive reinforcement
occurs

when the introduction of a consequence increases

or maintains the frequency or future probability of a
specific behaviour.

Punishment
occurs

when a consequence decreases the frequency or

future probability of a behaviour.

Continue
Negative Reinforcement
occurs

when the removal or avoidance of a

consequences increases or maintains the frequency or
future probability of a specific behaviour.

Extinction
occurs

when the target behaviour decreases because

no consequence follows it. In this respect,
extinction is a do-nothing strategy.

Situation to Apply with Behaviour

Modification
Behaviour modification can be used to reduce absenteeism, improve

task performance , healthy lifestyle and etc.

In Arkansas, for example, the North Little Rock School Board

introduced an absenteeism reduction plan in which teachers can

receive $300 after every six months with perfect attendance.

Another example, Reinforcing the Long (and Healthy) Walk- For

many Horton Groups 350 employees, the best parking spots arent
closest to the building. The Chicago- based insurance broker
reinforces the healthy lifestyle of walking by rewarding staff who
take at least 7000 steps each day.

The more steps taken, the higher the rewards in the form of cash

cards that can be used at popular retail stores.

Conclusion
Behaviour modifications can be apply to a certain situations.
Maybe the situation is the same, but sometimes it is not
suitable to apply behaviour modification.
It is because the behaviour of a person is different from
other person.

REFERENCES
Mc Shane, Steven L and Von Glinow, Mary Ann (2010), Organizational
Behaviour- Emerging Realities for the Workplace Revolution (International
Edition, 5th Edition), Mc Graw Hill, NY, USA
Robbins, Stephen P. and A. Judge (2009), Organizational Behavior (13 th
Edition), Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA
Don Hellriegel and Slocum, Jr. (2004), Organizational Behavior, (10 th
Edition),Thomson South Western, Canada

Q&A