GROUP MEMBERS:

ASMAH BT BIRAN
NORMALA BT TALIB
MARYANI BT HASHIM
MAHERAN BT HASAN SAARI
SALBIYAH BT MASLAN
SITI ZURAIDAH BT SALEHUDIN
CLASS: ERMA6A

The first recorded game

of ball being played in
London (in a large flat
open space just outside
the city) was during the
annual
festival
of
Shrove Tuesday in 1175.

 The invention of Rugby was therefore not the act of

playing early forms of the game or the acts of a
certain Webb-Ellis (true or not), but rather the
events which led up to it's codification. Like so
many sports which originated from Victorian
England it was competition, the sense of fair play
and the subsequent need for rules and laws which
allowed the game to develop on a global basis and
spawn internationally.
The game of football as played at Rugby School
(Rugby, England) between 1750 and 1823
permitted handling of the ball, but no-one was
allowed to run with it in their hands towards the
oppositions goal. There was no fixed limit to the
number of players per side and sometimes there
were hundreds taking part in a kind of enormous
rolling maul.
The innovation of running with the ball at Rugby

A)Size and shape of the ball was

not written into the rules until
1892:
B) Length in line 280 300mm
C) Circumference (end to end)
740 770 mm
D) Circumference (in width)
580
620mm
E)Weight: 410 460 grams
F)Hand sewn with not less than
8 stitches to the inch
G)Shape - ball must be oval and
made of four panels
H)Materials Leather or
synthetic material. It may be
treated to make it water
resistant and easier to grip.

Boots: These can be any

style, any color, as long as

they meet basic safety
specifications. Rugby boots
may have screw-in or
molded studs, but may not
have a screw-in toe stud.
Boots that are in extreme
disrepair, especially boots
where the plastic sole is
beginning to shear from
the upper, present a
cutting hazard, and the
referee may compel the
boot to be repaired, or may
not allow it in the match.

. This is a full-head cap

which is analogous to a
wrestling cap, designed to
protect the ears from
twisting and cartilage
injury, and to prevent
impact cuts/tears, to which
scrum/forward players are
more susceptible

Rugby shorts are usually

cut high on the thigh, and

are made of heavy cotton
to take a great deal of
extreme use.
Tops should be very sturdy
and comfortable .Loosefitting or flimsy tops are
likely to be pulled off,
stretched, or ripped

 All players may wear

gloves (in rugby terms,

"fingerless mitts") to
assist with grip. Fullfingered gloves such as
football receiver gloves
are NOT permitted; see
these examples of
rugby-specific gloves. All
gloves will be subject to
referee inspection

 This is optional but highly

recommended for all touch

rugby players, and is
mandatory for all players
in practice and in games.
Dental and mouth injuries
are unlikely in a touch
practice or match, but
accidents can happen, and a
mouthpiece will go a long
way toward reducing the
severity of the injury or will
prevent it altogether.

 These are rugby-

specific undershirts
which contain
modest shoulder and
torso padding .
These are
permissible to wear
only under a jersey

RULES
GENERAL
* Games are 12.5 minutes each way, with a one minute
half time break.
* Teams may have a minimum of four and a maximum of
six players on the field, with unlimited substitutions.
* Maximum of twelve players per team.
* Teams are mixed: Must have at least two people of each
gender on the field at all times
* An all females side will gain only one point per try.
* Players must be 14 years or over.
* No watches or other jewellery to be worn during play.
* Appropriate footwear must be worn at all times. No
metal studs and no bare feet or jandels.

SCORING
A touchdown will be awarded when a player places the
ball on or over the score line prior to being touched.
A touch down will be worth one point for males and
two points for females. The Dummy Half is not
permitted to score touchdowns.
Scoring:A try is awarded when a player places the

ball on the ground behind the try line. A try is worth

one (1) point.
Winner:The team who at the end of play has scored
the most tries is declared the winner. In the event of
neither team scoring, or in the event of both teams
scoring the same number of tries, a draw is declared.
Competition points:Win: 3 points, Draw: 2 points,
Lost: 1 point, Forfeit: 0 points

SUBSTITUTIONS
* Teams may inter change players at any time.
* Players coming on to the field may not do so
until the
player being replaced has come off.
* Substitutions must only be made from the
halfway line.

POSSESSION OF THE BALL

A change of possession shall occur when:
a)The ball goes to ground.
b)The Dummy Half is touched while in
possession.
c) The Dummy Half places the ball in the touch
down zone.
d)The 6th Touch occurs.
e)The player in possession steps on or over the
boundary of the field of play.
f)A roll ball is performed incorrectly.
g)A tap is performed incorrectly.
h)At a change of possession play is restarted
with a
roll ball.

PASSING

A player may pass, knock, throw or otherwise

deliver the ball to any onside player in the
attacking team.
Passing forward is not permitted.
A knock on results in a turn-over.
THE TAP

The tap is taken by placing the ball on the ground

on the mark, releasing the ball from both hands,
tapping the ball with the foot a distance of not
more than one metre and retrieving the ball
cleanly.

COMMENCEMENT AND
RECOMMENCEMENT OF PLAY
The toss:Team in the presence of the referee

and the captain can decide who will start play.

Attacking team:The attacking team is to
start the game with a tap at any side or middle
of the field. All players of the attacking team
are to remain in an onside position until the ball
has been tapped.
Recommencement:For the recommencement
of play following the half-time break the team
losing the toss is to start the game with a tap.
Kicking:The ball cannot be kicked or played
with the foot except when taking a tap.

THE PENALTY
When a player / team is penalised the non offending team
shall restart play with a tap.
The tap is taken at the mark and the defending team must
retire ten metres from the mark until the ball has been
tapped.
Play restarts with a tap when the following infringements
occur:
a)Forward pass.
b)Touch and pass.
c)Rollball performed off the mark.
d)Performing a rollball prior to a touch being made.
e)Defenders offside at the rollball (5 metres).
f)Defenders offside at the tap (10 metres).
g)Deliberately delaying play.
h)More than six players on the field.
i)Falsely claiming a touch.
j)Using more than the minimum force to make a touch.
k)Misconduct

ROLL BALL

A means of restarting play.

Players must perform the roll ball on the mark
while facing their opponents defending score
line and rolling the ball backwards between their
legs a distance of not more that one metre.
No overstepping is allowed.
Players must not delay performing the roll ball.

THE TOUCH

Players from both teams are permitted to effect

the touch.
A touch is contact with any part of the body,
ball, clothing or hair.
A minimum of force is to be used at all times.
The team in possession is entitled to 6 touches.

TOUCH AND PASS

A player is not to pass the ball after a touch
has been made.

THE DUMMY HALF

The dummy half is the person who picks up the
ball after a team-mate has performed a roll
ball.

OFFSIDE / ONSIDE
After a touch has been made all defending
players must retire 5 metres from the mark.
Defenders cannot move forward until the
dummy half has touched the ball.
In a 5 metre play, the defending team must go
behind the score line.
Once the ball is in play the defending team
must all move out from behind the line.

SIDELINE

If a player with the ball touches or crosses the

sideline s/he is deemed to be out of play and a
change of possession occurs.
Play restarts with a roll ball 5 metres in from
where the player went out.
If a touch is made before the player goes out, the
touch counts.

OBSTRUCTION

Players of the attacking team are not to obstruct

defending players from attempting to effect a
touch.
Defending players are not to obstruct / interfere
with attacking players supporting the ball carrier.

MIXED TEAMS

A mixed team is made up of at least two

people of each gender.

LATE TEAMS

A minimum of four team members must be

present to start the game.
Late teams will be subject to a penalty of one
touch down for every two minutes that the
team is late, with a maximum of five penalty
points which will signal abandonment of the
game and the offending team recording a
default.
In the case of a default the non offending
team will be recorded as winning 5-0.

Rugby field

Colours highlight main features

Red - dashed line, distance from touch line to

the front of a lineout.

Orange - between dashed lines, maximum
length of lineout
Purple - dashed line, minimum distance for
kick-off/restart kicks
Black - dashed line, distance from goal-line of
5-metre scrums
Grey - from goal-line to 22-metre line is the
22-metre area
Blue - goal-line to dead-ball line, in-goal area
where tries are scored