Conveyor Belt Control

Using IM Control For

Industrial Applications
Supervisor:
Syed Abdur Rehman Kashif
Group Members:
Maham Naeem 2011-EE-61
Fatima Muhammed 2011-EE-62
Warda Gul 2011-EE-68
Sabooha Saadat 2011-EE-185

Problem Statement
In industry speed control of induction motor
is required for several purposes like in
embroidery textile industry,paper
industry ,power conveyer belt,robort arms
and overhead cranes etc.
Here we control speed of conveyor belt for
industry.

Techniques
Speed control of induction motor is done from
Stator side:
Supply voltage control or stator voltage control
Controlling number of stator poles
Supply frequency control to control Ns, called V/F
control
Rotor side:
Adding external resistance in the rotor circuit
Cascade control

Supply voltage control or stator

voltage control
Torque of motor directly proportional to product of
slip and square of voltage applied.
T s* (V^2)
on decreasing supply voltage,slip of motor is
needed to increase to keep torque contant for
same load.increase of slip means motorr reacts
by running t=at lower speed.
s= (Ns-Nm)*100/Ns
Where Nm= mechanical shaft speed of motor

Disadvantage of Supply voltage

control or stator voltage
control
A large decrease in voltage is required for
relatively small decrease in speed.this
large decrease in voltage results in
increase current . Due to increased
current, the motor may get overheated.

Pole changing method

The number of stator poles can be change by
Multiple stator winding
Method of consequent poles
Disadvantage:
This method is less efficient and more costly, only
used when absolutely necessary.

Disadvantage of rotor resistance

control

For large speed change, large resistance

is required to introduce in rotor which
causes large rotor copper losses to
reduce the losses.

Cumulative cascade:

Differential cascade:

Disadvantage:
It requires two motors which makes the set
expensive.
Set cannot be operated if Pa =Pb.

Supply frequency control to

control Ns, called V/F control
The torque developed by the motor is directly proportional
to the magnetic field produced by the stator. So,
the voltage applied to the stator is directly proportional
to the product of stator flux and angular velocity.
Stator Voltage (V) [Stator Flux()] x [Angular Velocity()]
V x 2f
This makes the flux produced by the stator proportional to
the ratio of applied voltage and frequency of supply.
V/f
By varying the frequency, the speed of the motor can
be varied. Therefore, by varying the voltage and frequency
by the same ratio, flux and hence, the torque
can be kept constant throughout the speed range.

at base speed, the voltage and frequency reach

the rated values as listed in the nameplate. We can
drive the motor beyond base speed by increasing the
frequency further. However, the voltage applied cannot
be increased beyond the rated voltage. Therefore, only
the frequency can be increased, which results in the
field weakening and the torque available being
reduced. Above base speed, the factors governing
torque become complex. Hence,
the torque curve becomes nonlinear with respect to
speed or frequency.

SPEED-TORQUE
CHARACTERISTICS WITH
V/fCONTROL

Implementation
Block diagram:

INVERTERS
The function of inverter is to change a D.C input
voltage to a symmetric A.C output voltage of
desired magnitude and frequency.

Types:
Single Phase Inverters
Three Phase Inverters

Single Phase Inverter

Single Phase Inverter

A single phase bridge inverter is shown in figure. It

consists of four choppers. When transistor
T1 and T4 are turned time at the same the input
voltage Vdc appears across load. And when
transistors T3 and T2 are turned on simultaneously
input voltage app ears across load but now the
voltage is reversed i.e. -Vdc. There are four diodes
used in parallel known as feed-back diodes

Single Phase Inverters

When transistors T1 and T4 are
conducting, input voltage Vdc
appears across the load and
inversely when transistors T3 and T2
are conducting the input voltage
appears across the load
but now voltage changes its polarity
i.e. -Vdc is obtained in the output.

Single Phase Inverter

Single Phase Inverter

Three Phase Inverter

Single phase inverter covers low range power

applications. In the meantime, 3-phase
inverters are frequently used for a high-power
application. The 3-phase inverters generally
are used for supplying 3-phase load
particularly in AC motor drives. A 3-phase
output can be obtained from a configuration
of six transistors as shown in Figure. Three
phase inverter consists of six transistors
and six diodes and its operation is such that
three transistors are ON simultaneously.

Three Phase Inverter

The diodes are put parallel to each transistor to feed-back

energy to the source. No two transistor connected to same
leg will be switched ON at same time since this results in
short circuit across the DC line between them. In order to
get balanced three-phase output voltage we either use 180
degree conduction or 120 degree conduction.

For connected load the phase currents can be attained

directly from line-to-line voltages. Once the phase currents
are known, the line currents can be determined. For Yconnected load, the line to neutral voltages must be
determined to find line currents .There are three modes of
operation in a half cycle and equivalent are shown in figure

Three Phase Inverters

Three Phase Inverters

120 degree Conduction: Each transistor conducts

for 120 degree. Only two transistor remain on at
any instant of time. There are three modes of
operation in one half cycle.
180 degree Conduction (Used) : Each transistors
conducts for 180 degree. Three transistors remain
on at any instant of time. There are six modes of
operation and the duration of each mode is 60
degree so the gating signals (PWM) are shifted
from each other by 60 degree to obtain threephase balanced voltages.

Driving circuit of inverter

We are using MOSFETs for switching in

inverter. Input of inverter is six gate pulses
(PWM). Output current of controller is in
micro amperes which is insufficient to
derive mosfets. So there is a need of
driving circuit for the mosfets of inverter
and also we need to isolate the controller
from semiconductor devices.

IR2103 (driving i.c)

Induction Motors

Conveyor Belt

Design and working

Current And Voltage Sensing

Proximity Sensors

Variable Frequency and

Speed

Applications
Motor speed drives for
Power conveyor belt
Robot arms
Overhead cranes

Conclusion & Further Work