Plain & Reinforced

Concrete-1
Sixth Term CE-313
Civil Engineering

Analysis and Design

of Slabs
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example: Design a cantilever projecting out from a room
slab extending 1.0m and to be used as balcony (LL = 300
kg/m2). A brick wall of 250 mm thickness including plaster
of 1.0m height is provided at the end of cantilever

fc’ = 17.25 MPa fy = 300 MPa

Slab thickness of room = 125 mm. Slab bottom steel in the

direction of cantilever is # 13 @ 190 mm c/c
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution:

125 mm cantilever

h
L  1000  1m
2
125
L  1000   1063mm
2
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
l 1063
hmin    89mm
12 12
Let’s use the same thickness as of the room

h  125mm  h min

d  125  20  7  98mm Main steel in cantilever is

at the top
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Slab Load
125
Self weight of slab   2400  300kg / m 2
1000
75
75 mm brick ballast/ screed  1800  135kg / m 2
1000
60
60 mm floor finishes   2300  138kg / m 2
1000

Total dead load  300  135  138  573kg / m 2

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Slab Load
Live Load  300kg / m 2
9.81
ω u  1.2  573  1.6  300 
1000
ω u  11 .46kN / m 2

ω u  11 .46kN / m For a unit strip

9.81
Pu  1.2 0.25  1 1  1930 
1000
Pu  5.65kN
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Pu  5.65kN
ω u L2
M u  Pu  L  ω u  11 .46kN / m
2
11.46  1.0632
M u  5.65  1.063  1.063m
2
M u  12.48kN  m Per meter width

M u 12.48 106 fc '

  1.3 ω  0.85  0.0488
bd 2
1000  98 2
fy
ρ  0.0052
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)

A s  0.0052 1000  98  510mm 2

# 13 @ 380 mm c/c already

available in the form half the
bent up bar from the room slab

#13 @ 380c / c  A s  342mm 2

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Remaining steel required at the top  510 - 342  168mm 2
#10 @ 400c / c
Use

#10 @ 380c / c
Distribution steel  0.002 1000 125  250mm 2

#10 @ 280c / c
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: #13 @ 380 c/c

Slab bottom steel

1500 mm

#10 @ 280 c/c

#10 @ 380 c/c

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1

Two-Way Edge
Supported Slabs
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Two-Way Slabs
Slab resting on walls or sufficiently deep and rigid beams on all
sides. Other options are column supported slab e.g. Flat slab,
waffle slab.

Lx
m  0.5
Ly

Two-way slabs have two way bending unlike one-way slab.

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design Methods
Ly
1. ACI co-efficient method
2. Direct design method
3. Equivalent frame method Lx
4. Finite element method

Notes
1. In two-way slabs shorter direction strip carry greater %age
of load.
2. Steel will be more in shorter direction.
3. Shorter direction steel will be placed near the outer edge to
get more “d” means more lever arm to get more flexural
capacity.
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
ACI Co-efficient Method

Unit width strip is taken in both directions. The strip is designed

separately for +ve and –ve moment
2
M u  C  ωu  L n
C = ACI co-efficient
ωu = Slab load
“C” depends upon the end conditions of slab and the
aspect ratio
M+ coefficients are increased
Three tables are available for “C” by 25 % and M- coefficients
• are reduced by 10 % to get
Dead load positive moment the result more closer to
• Live load positive moment accurate solution.

• -ve moment
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Minimum Depth of 2-Way Slab for Deflection
Control
According to ACI-318-1963
hmin = (inner perimeter of slab panel)/180
≥ 90 mm
2 L x  L y 
For fy = 300 MPa h min 
180
2 L x  L y 
For fy = 420 MPa h min 
165
According to ACI-318-2005 Lx
m
L n  0.8  f y 1500 Ly
h min 
 36  m  9 Ln = clear span in short direction
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example: Design the 4 marked slab panels of an ordinary
house. Use US customary bars. fc’= 17.25 MPa fy = 300 MPa

1 2
4500 6000
x x Wall thickness = 228 mm
7000 7000

3 4
6000
3500
x
x
6000
6000
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: Panel Edge Conditions
Panel # 1
Lx = 4.5m , Ly = 7.0m
m = 0.64 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 2
Lx = 6.0m , Ly = 7.0m
m = 0.86> 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 3
Lx = 3.5m , Ly = 6.0m
m = 0.58 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 4
Lx = 6.0m , Ly = 6.0m
m = 1 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Slab Thickness
Generally same depth is preferred for one monolithic slab
Calculate hmin for all the panels and select the largest value
Panel # 1 L n  0.8  f y 1500
h min 
36  m  9
4500 0.8  300 1500 
h min   140mm
36  0.64  9
Panel # 2
6000 0.8  300 1500 
h min   150mm
36  0.86  9
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Panel # 3
3500 0.8  300 1500 
h min   117 mm
36  0.58  9

Panel # 4

6000 0.8  300 1500 

h min   133mm
36 1  9

h  150mm
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Effective depth

d2 d1

Long direction steel

Short direction steel

For short direction steel

d1  h  27  123mm
For longer direction steel
d 2  h  20  13  10 2  112 mm
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Slab Load
150
Self weight of slab   2400  360kg / m 2
1000
75
75 mm brick ballast/ screed  1800  135kg / m 2
1000
60
60 mm floor finishes   2300  138kg / m 2
1000

Total dead load  360  135  138  633kg / m 2

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Slab Load
Live Load  200kg / m 2
9.81
1.6ωL   1.6  200    3.14kg / m 2
1000
9.81
1.2ωd  1.2  633 
1000
1.2ωd  7.45kN / m 2

ω u  7.45  3.14  10.59kN / m 2

Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Solution: (contd…)
Minimum Steel

A s min  0.002bh
A s min  0.002 1000 150
A s min  300mm 2
For a unit strip
Concluded