PSIKODINAMIKA

DAN
PSIKOPATOLOGI
GANGGUAN JIWA
JESIKA PASARIBU
081910512758-081348150168

Learning Objectives
PD mampu memahami konsep
psikodinamika gangguan jiwa
PD mampu memahami konsep
psikopatologi gangguan jiwa
PD mampu menjelaskan konsep
gangguan jiwa secara bio-psikososiocultural

PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
ASSUMPTION

FUNGSI & STRUKTUR NEURON

CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES

NEUROTRANSMITTERS
RECEPTORS

3. NEUROTRANSMITTER

CHEMICAL MESSANGERS
DIKELUARKAN DI PRESYNAPTIC NEURON
PROSES DIFUSI PADA SYNAPSE - POST
SYNAPSE
SPECIALIZED RECEPTORS
INHIBIT ATAU STIMULATES
DIKELUARKAN DAN KEMUDIAN
DIHANCURKAN ATAU DIAMBIL KEMBALI
( RECYCLING )

Biological Contributions to
Psychopathology
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
regulates moods, thought processes, regulation
of eating, sexual and aggressive behavior

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Reduces anxiety, overall arousal and emotional
responses (aggressive behavior, hostility)

Biological Contributions to
Psychopathology
Norepinephrine
Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and
respiration; contributes to panic attacks, anxiety
and mood disorders (beta-blockers)

Dopamine
Activates other neurotransmitters and aids in
exploratory and pleasure-seeking behaviors
Excess is implicated in schizophrenia and deficit in
Parkinsons disease

Neurotransmitter/ Receptor/ Disorder

Dopamine

DA

Schizophrenia, Mania
Parkinsons, Depression

Norepinephrine

NE

Mania
Depression

Serotonin

5-HT

Anxiety
Depression

Gamma-aminobuturic acid

GABA

Reduction of
anxiety
Anxiety

Acetyl-Choline

Ach

Depression
Alzheimers

Other Biological Influences

Psychoimmunology
Neuroendocrinology

Psychodynamic Approach
The key assumption of the
psychodynamic approach is
that all human behaviour can
be explained in terms of
inner conflict of the mind.

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

Theory of personality
Freud believed that within the mind there
are 3 aspects of your personality that
determine how you behave

The Mind
The conscious. The

small amount of
mental activity we
know about.

Thoughts
Perceptions

The preconscious.

Memories
Stored knowledge

Things we could be
aware of if we wanted
or tried.
Bad

The unconscious.

Things we are
unaware of and can
not become aware of.

Worse

Really Bad

Fears
Unacceptable desires
Violent motives
Irrational wishes
Immoral urges
Selfish needs
Shameful experiences
Traumatic experiences

BASIC PRINCIPLES

Freud

Psychosexual Stages

Oral (0-18 months )

Anal (18months-3yrs)
Phallic (3-6yrs.)
Latency (6-12yrs)
Genital (13-20yrs)

TEORI INTERPERSONAL
(SULLIVAN 1953)
ASUMSI : Perilaku seseorang dan
perkembangan kepribadian merupakan
hasil dari hubungan interpersonal

Major concepts

SULLIVAN
INTERPERSONAL DEVELOPMENT STAGE
Infant (sd 18 bulan)
Childhood (18 bln-6
tahun)
Juvenile (6-9 tahun)
Pre Adolesence (9-12
tahun)
Early Adolesence (12-14
tahun)
Late Adolesence (14-21
tahun)

TEORI PSIKOSOSIAL (ERIK

ERIKSON, 1963)
ASUMSI :
Setiap tahap perkembangan harus
dilewati agar tidak terjadi krisis
perkembangan dan untuk perkembangan
emosional

ERICKSON
Interpersonal development stage

Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs Guilt
Industry vs Inferiority
Identity vs Role Confusion
Intimacy vs Isolation
Generativity vs Stagnation
Ego Integrity vs Despair

SOSIOCULTURAL

DIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

o Medical- DSM-IV-TV (Diagnostic and
Statistical Classification of Mental
Disorders)
o Nursing- NANDA (North American Nursing
Diagnosis Association)