Fire & its Protection

Fire Basics
Fire Triangle: Heat, Fuel and Oxygen.
Extinguishment theory: break the
triangle.

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The Fire Triangle

Four things must be present at the

same time in order to produce fire:
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The Fire Triangle

1. FUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid
or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
before they will burn.

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The Fire Triangle

1. FUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid
or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
before they will burn.
2. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present
in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire
to burn.

04/07/15

The Fire Triangle

1. FUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid
or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
before they will burn.
2. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present
in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire
to burn.
3. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied
to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature

04/07/15

The Fire Triangle

1. FUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid
or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
before they will burn.
2. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present
in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire
to burn.
3. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied
to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature
4. Chemical, exothermic reaction - This
reaction can occur when all three of the above
elements are present in the proper conditions
and proportions. Fire (rapid oxidisation) is the
result of this chemical reaction.

04/07/15

The Fire Triangle

1. FUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid
or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
before they will burn.
2. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present
in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire
to burn.
3. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied
to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature
4. Chemical, exothermic reaction - This
reaction can occur when all three of the above
elements are present in the proper conditions
and proportions. Fire (rapid oxidisation) is the
result of this chemical reaction.

04/07/15

The Fire Triangle

1. FUEL - any combustible material - solid, liquid
or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporize
before they will burn.
2. OXYGEN - Sufficient oxygen must be present
in the atmosphere surrounding the fuel for fire
to burn.
3. HEAT- Sufficient heat energy must be applied
to raise the fuel to it's ignition temperature
4. Chemical, exothermic reaction - This
reaction can occur when all three of the above
elements are present in the proper conditions
and proportions. Fire (rapid oxidisation) is the
result of this chemical reaction.

Fire extinguishers put out fire by taking

away one or more elements of the fire
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triangle.

Fire is a chemical reaction

involving rapid oxidation
(burning) of a fuel.

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10

Fire Prevention Goals

Life Safety
The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect
building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of
life.

Property Protection
The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent
property damage.

Protection of Operations
By preventing fires and limiting damage we can
assure that work operations will continue.
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Stages of Fire Development

Incipient fire: is the beginning stage and
can be controlled with rapid intervention.
Free burning fire: is the building stage of
fire and is beyond the capability of
untrained personnel.
Decay stage: of fire is when the fire is out
of fuel OR has a lack of oxygen.

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Detection Systems
The detection systems may be heat detectors or
smoke detectors or a combination of both.
Purpose of detection system is to react to a fire
at the incipient stage.
Once the fire is detected the system should at a
minimum warn occupants.
The system may also notify Fire Department.

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Classes of Fire
Class A:
Class B:
Class C:
Class D:
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Classes of fires

Fires are categorized into classes according

to the type of fuel or the dangers present.

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Classes of fires
Class A

Extinguishers will put out fires in

ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B

Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable liquids, such as grease,
gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C

Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable gas.

Class D

Extinguishers are designed for use on

flammable metals and are often specific for the
type of metal in question.

Class E

Extinguishers are suitable for use when

electricity is present.
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Class F

Extinguishers are suitable for cooking

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Classes of fires
Class A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary
combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on

flammable metals and are often specific for the type of
metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when

electricity is present.
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Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and

fats.

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Classes of fires
Class A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary
combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on

flammable metals and are often specific for the type of
metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when

electricity is present.
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Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and

fats.

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Classes of fires
Class A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary
combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on

flammable metals and are often specific for the type of
metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when

electricity is present.
04/07/15

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and

fats.

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Classes of fires
Class A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary
combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on

flammable metals and are often specific for the type of
metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when

electricity is present.
04/07/15

Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and

fats.

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Classes of fires
Class A Extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary
combustibles, such as wood and paper.

Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, etc.

Class C Extinguishers should be used on fires

involving flammable gas.

Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on

flammable metals and are often specific for the type of
metal in question.

Class E Extinguishers are suitable for use when

electricity is present.
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Class F Extinguishers are suitable for cooking oils and

fats.

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Using Extinguishers
Call local Fire Department.
Evaluate type of fire and size of fire.
NEVER put the fire between you and your
exit.
Remember P A S S.
Test, before attempting extinguishment.
Back away from fire area even if no fire is
visible.
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Automatic Sprinkler Systems

Over 100 years of protection.
90 % effective in keeping fire small.
Excellent record in protecting life
safety and property.
Designed to meet hazard.

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Structure Fire Threats

Life Safety: To occupants and responding
firefighters
Incident Stabilization: Without sprinklers
the fire can continue to grow in size
Property Conservation: The greater the
damage the more disruption will occur
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Cost of Business Interruption

Unemployment
Decreased tax base
Loss of product/service availability
Restoration of Property Costs
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