SOME

TERMINOLOGIES

IN
WELDING

TYPES OF WELDING JOINT

Butt Joint
Tee Joint
Corner Joint
Lapped Joint
Edge Joint

Joint Terminology

Edge

Open & Closed Corner

Lap

Butt

Tee
Cruciform

JOINT DESIGN
Consists of:
- types of joint
- joint preparation (such as square,
bevel, V, J or U groove)
- joint geometry (such as groove/bevel
angle, root opening, root face)

Types of Joint Preparations

Included angle

Included angle
Angle of
bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face

Root Face

Root Gap

Root Gap

Single -V Butt

Single - U Butt

Types of Joint Preparations

Angle of
bevel

Angle of
bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face
Root Gap

Single Bevel Butt

Root Gap

Root Face

Land

Single J Butt

Single Joint Preparations

Single sided joint preparations are normally made on thinner
materials, or when access from both sides is restricted

Single Bevel

Single Vee

Single J

Single U

Double Joint Preparations

Double sided joint preparations are normally made on thicker
materials, or when access from both sides is unrestricted

Double Bevel

Double Vee

Double J

Double U

TYPES OF WELD
Fillet Weld
Single Square / Double Square Groove
Weld
Single Bevel / Double Bevel Groove Weld
Single V / Double V Groove Weld
Single J / Double J Groove Weld
Single U / Double U Groove Weld

Welded Butt Joints

Butt
A_________Welded
butt joint
Single V Groove Weld

Fillet
A_________Welded
butt joint
Double Fillet Weld

Compound
A____________Welded
butt joint
Combination of Single Bevel Groove & Double Fillet Weld

Welded Tee Joints

Fillet
A_________Welded
T joint
Single Fillet Weld

Butt
A_________Welded
T joint
Single Bevel Groove Weld

Compound
A____________Welded
T joint
Combination of Single Bevel Groove & Double Fillet Weld

Welded Lap Joints

Fillet
A_________Welded
lap joint
Double Fillet Weld

Spot
A_________Welded
lap joint
Spot Weld

Compound
A____________Welded
lap joint
Combination of Spot and Double Fillet Weld

Welded Closed Corner Joints

Fillet
A_________Welded
closed corner joint
Single Fillet Weld

Butt
A_________Welded
closed corner joint
Single Bevel Groove Weld

Compound
A____________Welded
closed corner joint
Combination of Single Bevel Groove & Fillet Weld

Welded Open Corner Welds

Inside fillet
A_______________Welded
open corner joint
Single Fillet Weld

Outside fillet
A_______________Welded
open corner joint
Single Fillet Weld

Double fillet
A_______________Welded
open corner joint
Double Fillet Weld

WELDING POSITIONS

1 Flat
2 Horizontal
3 Vertical
4 Overhead

Welding Positions

Flat: PA / 1G:
Flat PA / 1F

Horizontal vertical:
PB / 2F:

Horizontal overhead
PD / 4F

Vertical upwards
PF / 3G

Horizontal vertical:
PC / 2G:

Overhead
PE / 4G

Vertical downwards
PG / 3G

Welding Positions

Weld: Flat
Pipe: rotated
Axis: Horizontal

PG / 5G

PF / 5G

PA / 1G

Weld: Vertical upwards

Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Horizontal

Weld: Vertical Downwards

Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Horizontal

45o

PC / 2G
Weld: Horizontal vertical
Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Vertical

H-LO 45 / 6G
Weld: Upwards
Pipe: Fixed
Axis: Inclined

POSITIONS FOR FILLET

WELDING

1F
2F
3F
4F

POSITIONS FOR GROOVE

WELDING (PLATE)

1G
2G
3G
4G

POSITIONS FOR GROOVE

WELDING (PIPE)

1G
2G
5G
6G
6GR

WELDABILITY OF MATERIALS
WELDABILITY IN GENERAL the ability of material to
be welded.
GOOD/HIGH WELDABILITY the ease of material to be
welded using cheaper mean of welding process and
simple technique
FABRICATION WELDABILITY the ability of the
material to have good relationship with the welding
process to produce sound weld and good weld
geometry, free from porosity and cracks.
SERVICE WELDABILITY the ability to produce weld
that can sustain thermal and mechanical stresses,
corrosion, and other service requirement

EXAMPLE OF WELDABILITY OF
MATERIALS
HIGH/GOOD WELDABILITY e.g. mild
steel / low carbon steel.
LOW/BAD/POOR WELDABILITY e.g.
medium carbon steel, high carbon steel,
high alloy steel, Stainless Steel,
Aluminium

CARBON EQUIVALENT
CARBON EQUIVALENT (CE) numerical value of
Weldability Assessment in terms of carbon equivalent
content for the measurement of the weldability of carbon
steels & alloyed steels.
CE = %C + %Mn/4 + %Ni/20 + %Cr/10 +
%Mo/5 + %Cu/40 + %V/10 (AWS)
CE < 0.5 steels are weldable
CE > 0.5 crack sensitive
CE < 0.4 relatively less sensitive to cracks
High CE require preheating, use low hydrogen
welding procedure

STUDENT HOME ASSIGNMENT

1. With the help of sketches differenciate
between Weld Joint, Joint Design,
type of Weld and Weld Positions.
2. What is the European equivalent for 6G?
3. Using sketches to describe 6G & 6F.
4. What are the purposes of calculating the
Carbon Equivalent in welding of Carbon
Steels?