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February 2008
February 2008
February 2008
Contact tube
Electrode wire
Gun Nozzle
February 2008
Shielding gas
Welding Arc
Base metal
Video
February 2008
February 2008
February 2008
Argon
February 2008
Penetration profiles
February 2008
February 2008
February 2008
Penetration profiles
February 2008
Annular gas:
Argon + 1,5%O2
February 2008
+ 20 %
Ar+% CO2
Ar+He+ % CO2
Ar+H2+ % CO2
Appearance of the weld and stability of the pulsed transfer greatly improved with
CO2 additions
February 2008
U
droplet
detachment
Argon
February 2008
Argon+ CO2
40
35
+12%
30
+17%
25
20
transfer stability
45
15
10
5
0
Ar
February 2008
stability
of the pulse transfer
+H2+ %CO2
+ CO2
+He+ CO2
welding speed
INCONEL 625
February 2008
INCONEL 600
2 wires connected
at the same electrical
potential
Twin wire
February 2008
Tandem Technique
Joint
February 2008
February 2008
Video
February 2008
Improved weld
profile with
FCAW+GMAW
combination, due to
better wetting.
Presence of
oxidizing species
through the FCAW
wire
5/16 inch single pass
fillet weld : 35 ipm
dual wire as opposed
to 16 ipm with single
wire systems.
February 2008
February 2008
%Manganese
%Silicon
1.2
% Mn, Si and C
0.8
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
15
20
% CO2
February 2008
25
30
35
40
UTS
MPa
YS
MPa
%E
100% CO2
554
497
30
71,62,64,49,69
613
577
32.5
75,62,68,82,45
Argon+10% He +
15% CO2
616
557
30
61,72,95,92,79
February 2008
Impacts Cv
J @ -51C
METAL CORED;
FLUX CORED
February 2008
Oxidation
potential
% Carbon
% Manganese
% Silicon
Ar+2%O2
2%
0.06
1.13
0.56
Ar+5%O2
5%
0.05
0.47
Ar+10%CO2
5%
0.05
1.37
0.77
Ar+25%CO2
12.5%
0.05
1.3
0.66
Ar+4%O2+
5%CO2
6.5%
0.04
1.25
0.67
CSA
W48
= %O2 + %
CO2
N/R
1.75 max
0.90 max
February 2008
UTS MPa
YS Mpa
%E
Impacts Cv
J @ -30C
Ar+2%O2
514
450
27.5
78
Ar+5%O2
499
430
29
77
Ar+10%CO2
542
467
29
92
Ar+25%CO2
514
435
25.5
112
Ar+4%O2+
5%CO2
533
456
30
58
CSA
W48
500 min
410 min
22 min
27
February 2008
25%
20%
Series1
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
% Carbon in deposit
February 2008
0.04
0.05
0.06
February 2008
February 2008
February 2008
wire B
30
Diffusible H2 : ml/100g
25
20
15
10
0
As received
February 2008
100% CO2
Wire dia.
1/16"
1/16"
1/16"
Amps
299
312
323
Volts
28.5
28.5
27.5
E.S.O
3/4"
3/4"
3/4"
Diffusible Hydrogen
7.5ml/100g
9.5ml/100g
10.4ml/100g
R.H/Temp
45%/22.6'C
45%/22.6'C
45%/22.6'C
February 2008
MCAW
FCAW
12
Gas
100% Argon
Ar-2% O2
Ar-5% CO2
Ar-15% CO2
Ar-20% CO2
100% CO2
10
Diffusible hydrogen: ml/100g deposited weldmetal
Oxidation Potential
0%
2%
2.5%
7.5%
10 %
50%
0
0
10
20
30
Oxidation potential O2% + 0.5*CO2%
February 2008
40
50
60
February 2008
Wire A
Wire A
Wire B
Wire B
1.2mm dia.
1.2mm dia.
1.6mm dia.
1.6mm dia.
230 amps
230 amps
285 amps
285 amps
26 volts
26 volts
28 volts
28 volts
14 ipm
14 ipm
14 ipm
14 ipm
ESO 10mm
ESO 20mm
ESO 10 mm
ESO 20 mm
8.1ml/100g
5.5ml/100g
10.0ml/100g
9.0ml/100g
February 2008
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
Weldmetal N2 content, ppm
February 2008
200
250
300
Up to 2 % additions of N2
advantageous for duplex
stainless steel GMAW
welding:
Reduction of 10-15% ferrite
improving ferrite/austenite
balance
10% improvement in
strength
Better performance against
pitting corrosion
February 2008
February 2008
Conclusions
February 2008
Conclusions - continued
February 2008
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the research staff at the Air
Liquide World Headquarters in Paris for providing guidance
and stimulating discussions while the manuscripts were
being drawn up. Thanks are also due to technical experts at
Air Liquide Canada and data obtained from the certification
center in Boucherville. Photographic support came from
several CAP Audit reports, performed at various customer
locations in Canada.
Dr. Christian Bonnet, Dr. P. Rouault, Mr. J. M. Fortain, Mr.
Pierre Geoffroy, Mr. Joe Smith and Mr. Jean Venne provided
valuable technical support for this paper and are being
recognized for their contribution.
February 2008
Thank you!
February 2008