Drivetest

Tools

Mobile TEMS Pocket W600i

GPS
Compass
Inverter input 12V, Output 220 V ac, 400 W
TEMS Software 7.1.1 Data Collection
TEMS Software 7.1.1 Route Analisys
Map Info

Work Process
Collect
OMC Parameter

Database
RF Network Design

Cell File (TEMS)

And
Dot Tab Site (mapinfo)

Drive Test
Measurements

Site Check

Coverage
Dropped Calls

Verification of
RF Network Design

Call Setup Success

Handover Perf.
Analysis Programs

Speech Quality
General Check

Test Mobile Measurements

Collect RxLev measurements together with GPS co-ordinates

Analyse on planning tool
Reasons for poor coverage:
serving cell not best server
handover problems
best server signal low
check site / network design
Analyse in terms of relevant
thresholds:
indoor level
in-car level
outdoor level

Test Types
Continuous drive test
setup a test call and drive over an area for detecting lack of
coverage, missing handovers, interferences etc.
Spot test
detail measurement to be taken at dedicated problem spots for
detail analyzing of specific problem

Collect / Analyse Drive Test Measurements

Test measurement (TEMS etc. together with a GPS)

Signal Strength
Co-channel and adjacent interference
Handover relations
Test types
Continuos drive test (Trace mode)
Spot test
Network performance test (Statistical mode)
Test Measurement
Collect MS measurement report data (Downlink only!!)

Analysis Programs
Coverage:

Analysis for Fulfilment of Coverage

Requirements (Urban, rural ...
areas, outdoor, in-car, indoor)

Dropped Call:

Analysis for Dropped Calls due to

Interference, SW/HW failures,
Transmission Network Failures

Call Setup:

Analysis for Blocking and Capacity

Limitations, Analysis for Resource
Allocation Procedures

Handover:

Analysis for Efficient Handover

Performance

Speech Quality:

Analysis for Interference

Dropped Call Analysis

How to measure
drive tests
repeated call setups (preferred)
continuous calls
OMC measurements
Reasons for dropped calls
lack of coverage
interference problems
handover problems
lack of synchronisation in network
problems with other parts of the network

Call Setup Analysis

Reasons for failed call setups

lack of coverage
database problems
database inconsistencies
parameter settings, e.g.
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN, RACHBT,
RACH_MAX_RETRANS
cell reselection related parameters
network congestion

Handover Parameters

Fine-tuning of handover parameters

Moving cell boundaries in order to
Enhance success rate for critical handovers
Minimise local interference at the cell edge
Traffic load sharing between cells
Compared to other opimisation measures improvement potential
is limited
Affected by
Measurement averaging
PS! Neighbours
should in general
Power control parameters
be mutual

Speech Quality Analysis

Parameters
RxQual
Frame Erasure Rate (FER)
Speech Quality Index (SQI)
Measurements
Drive test
preferably continuous call
OMC statistics
Cause for poor quality
low signal strength (coverage
related
interference
low signal strength and
interference

Causes of interference
co-channel interference
adjacent channel
interference
intermodulation
mainly on one link only
multipath interference

Location Area Codes

Purpose
identify location area
in incoming call is paged to all BTSs within LA
Large location area
advantage: less location updates (reduced SDCCH load)
disadvantage: more paging traffic
Boundaries should not cross high traffic areas
Cell reselection across LA boundaries
Parameter Cell_Reselect_Hysteresis (typ. 4 dB) used to avoid
unnecessary signalling due to ping-pong cell reselections

Problem Symptoms
No service

High call drop rate

No coverage
RF Network
No System Availability
No coverage
Network Element Failures
Interference
Transmission Network Failures
Handover failure
Fixed Network BSS, SSS
Network Element Failure
Low call setup success rate
Transmission Failures
RF Network
Other networks
No coverage
Mobile terminal
Interference
Blocking
Poor speech quality
Fixed Network BSS, SSS
RF Network
Blocking
No coverage
Overload
Interference
Other
Poor handover performance
Fixed Network BSS, SSS
Network element failure
Transmission network failure
Other networks
Mobile Phone

Reporting (example)

Advantages over test drives

Less labor intensive and time consuming

More comprehensive, based on large number of users
not limited to time of test drive
Uplink and Downlink analysis possible
Subscriber behavior mix of outdoor, indoor, incar use

FINE TUNING

Tools

Digital Tilt Meter

GPS
Compass
Spanner
Screw Driver Set
Safety Belt
Adjustable Wrench
Cutting Pliers
Mesuring Tape
Safety Shoe
Map Info
Map Source
Google Earth

Antenna Configuration
General points to check
antenna type, e.g.
omni
directional 60, 90 or 120 degrees
electrical downtilt
cross-polarised
antenna azimuth angle (for directional antennae)
coverage targets
antenna tilt angle
electrical + mechanical
diversity & isolation
e.g. space diversity,
polarisation diversity

Site Check

Verify that site is implemented according to plan

Check installation e.g.
antenna spacing (diversity, isolation)
antennae in one sector are installed in the same plane
antennae alignment
omni antenna installation
cable installation

Horisontal spacing

Vertical spacing

Rx

Tx

Antennas mounted in different planes

Omni

Tx
k1
k2

k2

Rxd

Rx

Alignment of antennas

Rx

Tx

a= max 15
a

Rx

Tx

Rxd

Antenna Fine Tuning

Horizontal Plane:
Possible coverage weakness between sectors
Interference reduction
Traffic load distribution
Vertical Plane:
Interference reduction
Possible coverage weakness in the short to medium distance
range
Traffic load distribution

Omni vs. Sectorised

OMNI cells - more difficult to optimise

Electrical downtilt possible, however
same for entire cell
Parameters same for entire cell
Directional antennae
narrower beam easier to control interference
tilting less efficient with wider beams
Sectorised cell site with different
downtilt angles

Tilting

Antenna downtilt often used to minimise interference

Minimum: Vertical mail lobe pointing at cell edge

hBS

Maximum: First null angle pointing at cell edge

Tilting

Electrical vs. Mechanical downtilt

0
Electrical

Advantages:
Better back lobe characteristics
Better lower side lobe characteristics
Disadvantages:
Antennas are more expensive

0
Mechanical

A combination of
mechanical / electrical
downtilt may be used

Reporting (example)

thanks