Textile Finishing

Bangladesh University of Business and

Technology (BUBT)
Permanent Campus Plot # 77-78 Road # 9 Rupnagar Mirpur-2,
Dhaka-1216

Name: Mohammad Billal Hossain (mohon)

Program: B.Sc. In Textile Engineering
Id: 10112107028
Intake :2nd
Section -1
Bangladesh University of Business and
Technology (BUBT)

Dept. of Textile Engineering

Finishing

Introduction

Textile finishing is a term commonly applied to different process that the

textile material under go after pretreatment, dyeing or printing for final
embellishment to enhance there attractiveness and sale appeal as well as
for comfort and usefulness.
Objects of finishing:
The aim of finishing is to render textile goods fit for their purpose or
end use. Besides that, finishing can be done for achieving the following
purposesa) To improve fabric attractiveness.
-By modification of fabric appearance (Calendaring, Optical
brightening)
-By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening)
-Control of fabric dimension (Sanforising, Compacting)
b) To improve service ability.
-Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing)
-Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising)
-Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)

Textile Finishes are classified in several ways:

Classification of Textile Finishing

According to Function

Functional
Finishes

Aesthetic
Finishes
Aesthetic Finishes modify
the appearance and /or hand
or drape of the fabrics.

Functional Finishes improve

the performance properties of
the fabric ; like durability,
strength etc.

Mercerization
Napping And Sueding
Shearing
Softening
Stiffening

Antimicrobial/Antiseptic
Crease resistant
Durable Press
Flame Resistant
Mothproof
Shrinkage Control
Soil Release
Water Proof/Repellant

Classification of Textile Finishing

According to the quality

Temporary
A finish which is not
stable and goes off
after the first wash is
known as temporary
finish and these
finishes disappears
during subsequent
washing and usage.

Calendaring
Embossing
Starching
Softening

Permanent

Semi
Permanent
A Finishing on the
fabric is said to be semi
permanent finish if it is
stable to more than 5 to
10 washes and not
afterwards.
Schreiner
Calendaring
Buckram Finish

If the finishing effect in

the fabric does not
disappear and remains
unaffected through all
the conditions of wear
and washing treatments,
then the finish is said to
be permanent finish.
Sanforising
Resin Finish
Water Proof
Flame Proof

Classification of Textile Finishing

According to type of machinery

Chemical
Finishes
Chemical finishes are
usually applied to fabric by
padding followed by curing
and drying. These are also
called as wet Finishes.
Flame Retardant
Soil Release
Water Proof
Crease Resistance
Softening

Mechanical
Finishes
Mechanical Finishes
usually involved specific
physical treatment to a
fabric surface to cause a
change in fabric
appearance. This is also
known as dry finish.
Calendaring
Raising
Sanforising

Mechanical Finishing

Calendaring

Calendaring is defined as the modification of the surface of a fabric by

the action of heat and pressure. The finish is obtained by passing the
fabric between heated rotating rollers (Smooth or Engraved) when both
speed of rotation and pressure applied are variable.
Objects of Calendaring

To improve the fabric handle

and to impart a smooth silky
touch to the fabric.

To compress the fabric and

reduce its thickness.

To reduce the air

permeability by closing the
threads.

To increase the luster.

To reduce the yarn slippage.

Surface patterning by
embossing.

Mechanical Finishing

Brushing
The process which is used to remove loose threads and short
fibre ends from smooth-surfaced fabrics and is also used to
raise a nap on knits and woven fabrics is called Brushing.
Brushing is frequently applied to fabrics after shearing,
removing the cut fibres that have fallen into the nap.

Mechanical Finishing

Singeing
Singeing is a process applied to both yarns and fabrics to
produce an even surface by burning off projecting fibres,
yarn ends, and fuzz. This is accomplished by passing the
fibre or yarn over a gas flame or heated copper plates at a
speed sufficient to burn away the protruding material
without scorching or burning the yarn or fabric.

Mechanical Finishing

Tentering,
These are final processes applied to set the warp and weft of
woven fabrics at right angles to each other, and to stretch and
set the fabric to its final dimensions. Tentering stretches width
under tension by the use of a tenter frame, consisting of
chains fitted with pins or clips to hold the selvages of the
fabric, and travelling on tracks.

Mechanical Finishing

Raising
1. Napping
Using wire-covered rolls to "dig out" individual fiber ends
to the surface
2. Sueding
Using abrasive-covered rolls (sandpaper, emery cloth, etc.)
to produce shorter pile surface - does cause an apparent shade change.
Special type of raised surface fabric is corduroy
Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric.

Heat Setting
Heat Setting: Heat setting of synthetic fabrics eliminates the internal tensions
within the fiber generated during manufacture and the new state can be fixed
by rapid cooling.
This heat setting fixes the fabrics in the relaxed state and thus avoids
subsequent shrinkage or creasing of fabric. Presetting of goods make it possible
to use higher temperature for setting without considering the sublimation
properties of dyes and also has a favorable effect on dyeing behavior and
running properties of goods.

SOFT FINISH:

Chemical Finishing

Softening is the complex phenomenon and is composite of surface

smoothness and internal lubrication of the fiber elements of the treated fabric.
There are many softening agent used in industries such as:

Wetting agent
Acetic acid (for neutralization)
Non-ionic polyethylene softener
Slightly cationic softener
Silicon softener

Chemical Finishing

HARD FINISH:
In case of hard finish, it is desirable to make the fabric
stiffer and give them more body by filling certain
chemicals:

Wetting agent
Acetic acid (for neutralization)
Non-ionic polyethylene softener
Slightly cationic softener
Silicon softener
Hardeners
RESIN FINISH:
The resin finish is also know as crease recovery treatments
the objective of resin finish to remove the wrinkles or crease
from the fabric by certain chemicals.
Wetting agent
Acetic acid (for neutralization)
Non-ionic polyethylene softener
Slightly cationic softener
Silicon softener
Resin
Catalyst ( mgcl2)

Chemical Finishing

Mercerization
Mercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that
gives fabric a lustrous appearance. The process is applied to
materials like cotton or hemp. Mercerization alters the
chemical structure of the cotton fibre. The structure of the
fibre changes from alpha-cellulose to beta-cellulose.
Mercerizing results in the swelling of the cell wall of the
cotton fibre. This causes increases in the surface area and
reflectance, and gives the fiber a softer feel.

Chemical Finishing

Fire Resistant finishes:

Polyester fabrics can be made flame
resistant by treatment with an aqueous
emulsion
of
xylene
soluble
2,3dibromopropyl phosphate in a pad-cure
sequence. A semi-permanent effect can be
produced by treating with a mixture of
ammonium bromide and brominated
phosphoric acid esters.
Anti-microbial finishes:
With the increasing use synthetic fibbers for
carpets and other materials in public places, antimicrobial finishes have assumed importance. Anti
microbial finish Eco-friendly anti microbial
finishing agent for cotton fabrics & Garments.