Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Design of a Transmission Shaft

If power is transferred to and from the
shaft by gears or sprocket wheels, the
shaft is subjected to transverse loading
as well as shear loading.
Normal stresses due to transverse loads
may be large and should be included in
determination of maximum shearing
stress.
Shearing stresses due to transverse
loads are usually small and
contribution to maximum shear stress
may be neglected.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Design of a Transmission Shaft

At any section,
Mc
I
Tc
m
J

where M 2 M y2 M z2

Maximum shearing stress,

max m
2

Mc

2I

Tc

for a circular or annular cross - section, 2 I J

max

c
M2 T2
J

Shaft section requirement,

c min
2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

M 2 T 2

all

max

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.3

SOLUTION:
Determine the gear torques and
corresponding tangential forces.
Find reactions at A and B.
Identify critical shaft section from
torque and bending moment diagrams.
Solid shaft rotates at 480 rpm and
transmits 30 kW from the motor to
gears G and H; 20 kW is taken off at
gear G and 10 kW at gear H.
Knowing that all = 50 MPa, determine
the smallest permissible diameter for
the shaft.

Calculate minimum allowable shaft

diameter.

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.3

SOLUTION:
Determine the gear torques and corresponding
tangential forces.
P
30 kW

597 N m
2f 2 8 Hz
T
597 N m
FE E
3.73 kN
rE
0.16 m

TE

20 kW
398 N m
2 8 Hz
10 kW
TD
199 N m
2 8 Hz
TC

FC 6.63 kN
FD 2.49 kN

Find reactions at A and B.

Ay 0.932 kN

Az 6.22 kN

B y 2.80 kN

Bz 2.90 kN

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.3

Identify critical shaft section from torque and
bending moment diagrams.

M y2 M z2 T 2

max

1160 2 3732 597 2

1357 N m

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.3

Calculate minimum allowable shaft diameter.
M y2 M z2 T 2
J

c
all

1357 N m
27.14 10 6 m3
50 MPa

For a solid circular shaft,

J 3
c 27.14 10 6 m3
c 2
c 0.02585 m 25.85 m
d 2c 51.7 mm

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Stresses Under Combined Loadings

Wish to determine stresses in slender
structural members subjected to
arbitrary loadings.
Pass section through points of interest.
Determine force-couple system at
centroid of section required to maintain
equilibrium.
System of internal forces consist of
three force components and three
couple vectors.
Determine stress distribution by
applying the superposition principle.

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Stresses Under Combined Loadings

Axial force and in-plane couple vectors
contribute to normal stress distribution
in the section.
Shear force components and twisting
couple contribute to shearing stress
distribution in the section.

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Stresses Under Combined Loadings

Normal and shearing stresses are used to
determine principal stresses, maximum
shearing stress and orientation of principal
planes.
Analysis is valid only to extent that
conditions of applicability of superposition
principle and Saint-Venants principle are
met.

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.5

SOLUTION:
Determine internal forces in Section
EFG.
Evaluate normal stress at H.
Evaluate shearing stress at H.

Three forces are applied to a short

steel post as shown. Determine the
principle stresses, principal planes and
maximum shearing stress at point H.

Calculate principal stresses and

maximum shearing stress.
Determine principal planes.

2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.5

SOLUTION:
Determine internal forces in Section EFG.
Vx 30 kN

P 50 kN Vz 75 kN

M x 50 kN 0.130 m 75 kN 0.200 m
8.5 kN m
M y 0 M z 30 kN 0.100 m 3 kN m

Note: Section properties,

A 0.040 m 0.140 m 5.6 103 m 2
1 0.040 m 0.140 m 3 9.15 10 6 m 4
I x 12
1 0.140 m 0.040 m 3 0.747 10 6 m 4
I z 12

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.5

Evaluate normal stress at H.
y

P Mz a Mx b

A
Iz
Ix

3 kN m 0.020 m

5.6 10-3 m 2
0.747 10 6 m 4
50 kN

8.5 kN m 0.025 m
9.15 106 m 4

8.93 80.3 23.2 MPa 66.0 MPa

Evaluate shearing stress at H.

Q A1 y1 0.040 m 0.045 m 0.0475 m
85.5 106 m3

Vz Q
75 kN 85.5 10 6 m3
yz

I xt
9.15 10 6 m 4 0.040 m

17.52 MPa
2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sixth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf Mazurek

Sample Problem 8.5

Calculate principal stresses and maximum
shearing stress.
Determine principal planes.
max R 33.02 17.522 37.4 MPa
max OC R 33.0 37.4 70.4 MPa
min OC R 33.0 37.4 7.4 MPa
tan 2 p

CY 17.52

2 p 27.96
CD 33.0

p 13.98
max 37.4 MPa
max 70.4 MPa
min 7.4 MPa
p 13.98
2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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