WELCOME

Whats wrong with cement concrete?

Many concrete structures deteriorate after 20 years.
Cement production releases high amounts of CO2 to
the atmosphere(1tonne of cement production releases
1tonne of CO2) thus contributing to 7% of world CO2
emissions.
Cement is one of the most energy intensive material.

How to reduce the use of cement

Partially replace the use of cement in concrete.
example: high volume fly ash concrete

Develop alternate materials.

example:Geopolymer concrete

Geopolymer Concrete
Hardened cementitious paste made from
flyash and alkaline solution.
Combines waste products into useful
product.
Setting mechanism depends on
polymerization.
Curing temp is between 60-90 degree
celcious.

CONSTITUENTS OF
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Source materials :

alumina-silicate

Alkaline liquids
combination of sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) or potassium hydroxide
(KOH) and sodium silicate or
potassium silicate.

Preparation of geopolymer concrete

Fly ash

Alkaline activator
NaOH + Na Silicate

Aggregate

Storage

Geopolymerisation

2.Geopolymer Concrete :Process

Alkaline solutions induce the Si and Al atoms in the source materials

,example fly ash , to dissolve.

Gel formation is assisted by applying heat.

Gel binds the aggregates ,and the unreacted source material to form the
Geopolymer concrete.

MANUFACTURE OF
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

The aggregates are prepared in saturated-surface-dry (SSD)

condition, and are kept in plastic buckets with lid

Dry Materials of Geopolymer Concrete

The fly ash and the aggregates are first mixed together
dry in 80-litre capacity pan mixer

Pan Mixer Used in the Manufacture of Geopolymer Concrete

The liquid component of the mixture is then added to

the dry materials and the mixing continued usually
for another four minutes

Addition of Liquid Component

The fresh concrete could be handled up to 120 minutes

without any sign of setting and without any degradation in the
compressive strength

Fresh Geopolymer Concrete Ready for Placing

The workability of the fresh concrete was measured by

means of the conventional slump test

Slump Measurement of Fresh Geopolymer Concrete

Boundary between Geopolymer

binder , aggregate and reinforcement

ADVANTAGES
Cutting the worlds carbon.
The price of fly ash is low.
Better compressive strength.
Fire proof.
Low permeability.
Eco-friendly.
Excellent properties within both acid and salt
environments.

4.Applications of GPC

Pre-cast concrete products like railway sleepers,electric power poles

etc.

Marine structures

Waste containments etc..

 Different source materials

Properties of soluble silicate
Contaminants
Industry regulations
New material

The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make

them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than
traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both
acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has
excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural
applications.