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The document discusses industrial relations and technological change. It covers concepts of technological change like rationalization and automation. It describes the implementation and progress of rationalization and automation in India, including examples at LIC. The impacts of technological change on employment, productivity and costs are discussed. The conclusion emphasizes carefully examining the economic and industrial relations impacts of technological change.
The document discusses industrial relations and technological change. It covers concepts of technological change like rationalization and automation. It describes the implementation and progress of rationalization and automation in India, including examples at LIC. The impacts of technological change on employment, productivity and costs are discussed. The conclusion emphasizes carefully examining the economic and industrial relations impacts of technological change.
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The document discusses industrial relations and technological change. It covers concepts of technological change like rationalization and automation. It describes the implementation and progress of rationalization and automation in India, including examples at LIC. The impacts of technological change on employment, productivity and costs are discussed. The conclusion emphasizes carefully examining the economic and industrial relations impacts of technological change.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als PPT, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
and Technological Change Contents Industrial Relations
Concept of Technological Change
Rationalization and Automation
Implementation and Progress of Rationalization and
Automation in India
Automation at LIC (1963)
Impact of Technological Change
Appropriate technology Industrial Relations
The relation between an employee and an employer
in the course of running of an industry and may project itself to spheres which may transgress to the areas of quality control, marketing, price fixation and disposition of profits among others.
Industrial Relations or Labour relations, is an
expression used not only for relationships between employers and Trade Unions, but also for those involving Government with the aim of defining policies, facing labour problems. Concept of Technological Change Technology is an instrument of development. Affects various aspects of economic and social life.
Types of Technological Changes-
Scientific Change in shift in change in Automation
Management location product machinery Or time and of plants demand Motion studies Rationalisation & Automation
Rationalisation implies a basic change in the
structure and control of industrial activities. Its techniques can be applied to methods, material and men.
In Automation, technology itself controls the
operations. The machine provides data from its operations and feeds it back to its own controls which governs the production process. Implementation of Rationalisation and Automation in India Influenced by American Model To Increase productive efficiency Vast surplus of Labour after II World War
Safeguards by Labour Ministry and Planning Commission-
-Fixing the work load -Stopping fresh Recruitment -Offering higher wages -Voluntary Retirement -Sharing of gains
Second Five year plan- Rationalization was to be attempted only
when it did not lead to unemployment. Progress of Rationalisation and Automation in India
3 industries- Cotton-textile, Jute and Coal
Cotton-textile- Workers accepted it. - Introduced in the form of efficiency measures. -Additional strain & Inadequate increase in earnings.
Jute- International Competition
- Progress slow, Dependence on foreign country for Raw Material
Coal- Rationalization in larger mines, old methods in small mines
Automation at LIC (1963)
Central trade union In order to bring
organization opposed it. reconciliation- meeting of Loss of employment and Standing Labour Committee addition to cost. to consider the impact of automation and remedial Management argued- accelerated industrialization, measures. increased productivity, There was underutilization raised standard of living. of computers because they were introduced without adequate preparation, planning and thought. Cont….
The question of installation of computers in
these established industries were to be governed by two criteria, namely: 1)The effect on employment in relation to the whole economy 2)The effect on employment in the relevant departments of these establishments. Impact of Technological Change NEGATIVE IMPACT POSITIVE IMPACT Impact on employment Labour saving Redundancy Improves level of earnings Occupational Adjustment Higher productivity Allocation of gains Reduction in cost and increase in Transfer & Retraining Problems benefits Resistance to change- Strikes, Product standardization Absenteeism, resignations etc. Job Satisfaction Worker & Union Reations Changes in job content thereby creating new jobs to replace old ones Fitting new jobs into the existing incentive scheme Appropriate Technology: Its relevance to the Indian Context The kind of technology which would be found appropriate to the conditions found in the country where it was being introduced.
Less developed countries do not possess requisite
labour skills to replace the machine skills, technical know how and infrastructure.
Example- The solar pump developed by a French
firm which is being used in Mexico. CONCLUSION
Thus, one must not only examine very
carefully the cost benefit analysis from the economic point of view but also take into account the repercussions on industrial relations.