Respiratory

System
Physiology
By
Dr. SHAHAB
PhD
SHAIKH
MD

Lecture 1: Introduction

P H Y S I O L O G Y L E C T U R E PR E S E N T A T I O NS B Y - D R S H A H A B

PhD, MD

INTRODUCTION

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
INTERNAL RESPIRATION

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

The Respiratory System

Upper Respiratory Sys
Nose
Pharynx (throat)

Lower Respiratory Sys

larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchi
Lungs

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

Functions of Resp Sys

Respiratory functions
The respiratory system provides oxygen for
metabolism in the tissues.
The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide,
the waste product of metabolism.

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

Functions of Resp Sys

Non Respiratory Functions
facilitates sense of smell.
produces speech.
maintains acid-base balance.
maintains body water levels.
maintains heat balance.
Filtration / Defence
Secretion of ACE
Metabolic functions

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

Upper Resp Sys The Resp Passage

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

The Nose
Extent: Anterior nares to Nasopharynx
Linings: Ciliated Mucosa
Sinuses Draining into the Nose:

Frontal
Maxillary
Sphenoidal
Ethmoidal

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

The Nose
Functions:
Filters the air of foreign particles like dust,
bacteria, etc.
Warms the air to body temperature
Humidifies the air
Organ of smell (Olfactory receptors located in
the nasal mucosa
Aids in phonation

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

Pharynx

Serves as a passageway and

entrance to the respiratory and
digestive tracts
Three Parts:
Nasopharynx
behind nose
soft palate, adenoids and eustachian tube
Oropharynx
from soft palate to base of tongue
palatine tonsils
Laryngopharynx
base of tongue to esophagus
bifurcation of larynx and esophagus

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

LARYNX
LOCATION: at the upper end of the trachea, just
below the pharynx
Functions:
Voice production: during expiration, air passing through
the larynx cause the vocal cords to vibrate
Serves as a passageway for air and as the entrance to
the lower respiratory tract

Structure:

Thyroid cartilage: largest (Adams apple)

Epiglottis
Cricoid
Vocal Cord

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEA
The larynx opens into the trachea or the windpipe.
The trachea is a tube approximately 12 centimeters in
length and 2.5 centimeters wide.
The trachea is kept open by rings of C shaped
cartilage within its walls.
Similar to the nasal passages, the trachea is covered
with a ciliated mucous membrane.
Usually the cilia move mucus and trapped foreign
matter to the pharynx.

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEA

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
The air passage between
Trachea and Alveoli divides 23
times to form the TracheoBronchial tree.
The first 16 generations upto
the Terminal Bronchiole forms
the Conducting Zone
The
17th
to
the
23rd
Generations starting with the
Respiratory Bronchiole form
the Respiratory Zone

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
Functions of conducting zone of airways:

Provides low resistance pathway for airflow;

Resistance is physiologically regulated.
Defends against microbes, toxic chemicals,
and other foreign Matters.
Warms and moistens the air.
Helps in Phonation.

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
Control of Bronchiolar Diameter:

Nervous
Sympathetic
2 receptors Dilate

Parasympathetic
Acetylcholine Constrict

Humoral
Histamine, acetylcholine Constrict
Adrenergic ( agonists) Dilate

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

ALVEOLI AND THE LUNG TISSUE

The alveoli are the
microscopic blood
vessel-lined sacks
in which oxygen
and carbon dioxide
are exchanged.

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

ALVEOLI AND THE LUNG TISSUE

Physiology lecture presentations by - DR SHAHAB PhD, MD

Thank You
P H Y S I O L O G Y L E C T U R E PR E S E N T A T I O NS B Y - D R S H A H A B

PhD, MD