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OPERATION OF TCSC
TCSC Controller
Basic Module
Practical Module
CB-Circuit Breaker
G-Spark gap
MOV-Multi oxide varistor
UHSC-Ultra high speed contact
MOV
To prevent the occurrence of high capacitor voltages
It improves transient stability
Spark Gap is used to divert transient over voltages safely to earth without
affecting Capacitor.
Circuit breakers controls the insertion in line also by pass during faults.
UHSC is to minimize conduction losses
Variable-Series Compensation
Basic Principle
In this bypassed mode, the thyristors are made to fully conduct with a conduction
angle of 180 degree. Gate pulses are applied as soon as the voltage across the
thyristors reaches zero and becomes positive, resulting in a continuous
sinusoidal of flow current through the thyristors valves.
The TCSC module behaves like a parallel capacitorinductor combination.
However, the net current through the module is inductive, for the susceptance of
the reactor is chosen to be greater than that of the capacitor.
The thyristors are made to fully conduct
In this mode, the dc-offset voltages of the capacitors are monitored and quickly
discharged using a dc-offset control without causing any harm to the transmissionsystem transformers.
The maximum TCSC reactance permissible with =min is typically two-and-ahalf to three times the capacitor reactance at fundamental frequency.
X-I Char
Irated
The Simplified X-I capability characteristic for a multimodule TCSC
Where
In the Capacitive region, there are three different TCSC reactance constraints
which are given below
The limit of TCSC firing angle, represented by constant reactance limit
Xmax 0
The limit on the TCSC voltage VCtran. The corresponding reactance
constraint is given by
Limit on the line current (ILtrans), beyond which the TCSC enter in to
protective bypass mode.
The limit on the fundamental component of current that is permitted to flow through
the thyristors in the bypassed-thyristor mode during a transient. This current limit is also
expressed as a minimum-reactance limit:
APPLICATIONS OF TCSC
V1 V2
P
sin
x
V1 V2
V22
Q
cos
x
x
Principle of Damping
When the receiving endmachine speed is lower than the sending end
machine speed, that is, (= 2 1) is negative, the TCSC should increase
power flow in the line. In other words, while the sending-end machine
accelerates, the TCSC control should attempt to draw more power from the
machine, thereby reducing the kinetic energy responsible for its acceleration.
On the other hand, when is positive, the TCSC must decrease the
power transmission in the line.