Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

STRUKTUR ELEKTRONIK ZAT PADAT

Mukhtar Effendi
Bilalodin

Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

Buku Teks:
Introduction to the Physics of Electrons in Solids
Brian Keith Tanner
Cambridge University Press, 1995
Silabus:
Model klasik Elektron Bebas
Model kuantum Elektron Bebas
Aplikasi model Gas Fermi
Pita Energi
Eksperimen yang membuktikan adanya energy gap dan massa efektif
Konduktivitas Listrik (Konduktor, Isolator, Devais Semikonduktor)
Bahan Magnet (Momen magnet, Kurva Histerisis, Paramagnetik, Diamagnetik,
Ferromagnetik, Antiferromagnetik)
Superkonduktor (Penemuan, model superkonduktor, Superkonduktor tipe I dan II)
Mukhtar Effendi

SEZP

Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

The classical free electron model

The first major step in our understanding of the electrical
properties of solids was taken by Drude in 1905. Around
this time, J. J. Thompson had been performing his classic
experiments on the properties of cathode rays.

Mukhtar Effendi

SEZP

Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

In the classical free electron theories, including that

formulated by Drude, one makes the following assumptions in
addition to the independent electron approximation.
1. Conduction is entirely by electrons.
2. The sample defines a flat bottomed potential well within which the
electrons are constrained and within which they are free to move.
3. The electrons behave as a classical gas, i.e.
(a) they are distinguishable
(b) they are small and take up negligible volume
(c) they have random motion
(d) they are perfectly elastic.
4. There are no quantum restrictions on the electron energy i.e. the
energy distribution of the electrons is a perfect continuum.

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Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

1.1 Drude theory

1.1.1 Electrical conductivity ( )

In addition to the above assumptions, Drude made the assumption that

all electrons have the average energy.

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Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

On average, collisions occur every time interval of , which

is known as the relaxation time.

In the steady state the left hand side is zero. Hence,

Now the current density J is defined as

where n is the number of electrons per unit volume

Mukhtar Effendi

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Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto

and as the conductivity a is defined as

Mukhtar Effendi

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Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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Mukhtar Effendi

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Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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1.1.2 Thermal conductivity (K)

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10

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11

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12

Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Purwokerto