TAR1 Chapter 03d

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The American Republic To 1877

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Chapter Introduction
Section 1
Early English Settlements
Section 2
New England Colonies
Section 3
Middle Colonies
Section 4
Southern Colonies
Chapter Summary
Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
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to replay the audio.
Chapter Objectives
Section 1: Early English Settlements
Identify the crop that saved the people of
Jamestown.
Explain how the colonists received political rights.
Click the mouse button or press the

Space Bar to display the information.
Chapter Objectives
Section 2: New England Colonies
Explain why the Pilgrims and the Puritans came
to America.
Describe how the Connecticut, Rhode Island, and
the New Hampshire colonies began.

Chapter Objectives
Section 3: Middle Colonies
Explain why the Middle Colonies had the most
diverse populations in colonial America.
Identify Americas first town planner.

Chapter Objectives
Section 4: Southern Colonies
Understand why the Southern Colonies were
established.
Compare and contrast Frances colony in North
America with the English colonies.

Why It Matters
A new culture took root in North America. The
values and beliefs of this new culture developed
as people from several parts of the world
migrated to the continent.
The Impact Today

The colonies influenced values and beliefs many
Americans cherish today.
For example:
Many people still come to the Americas in
search of economic opportunity and religious
freedom.
Representative government remains an
important part of the American political
system.

Guide to Reading
Main Idea
Jamestown became the first successfully established
English colony in North America.
Key Terms
charter
joint-stock company
burgesses

Guide to Reading (cont.)

Reading Strategy
Organizing Information As you read Section 1, recreate the diagram shown on page 70 of your textbook
and describe the economy and government of
Jamestown.
Read to Learn
what crops saved the people of Jamestown.
how the colonists received political rights.


Section Theme
Economic Factors Many settlers journeyed to
America with the hope of making a fortune.
English soldiers helmet, Jamestown

England in America
The English defeat of the Spanish Armada
ended Spanish control of the seas.
England and other European nations could
begin colonies in North America because it was
now safe to sail the waters.
In 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed
Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth.
(pages 7071)
England in America (cont.)

Sir Walter Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle
on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day
North Carolina in 1585.
After the difficult winter there, the colonists
returned to England.
(pages 7071)

A second group of settlers came in 1587.
This group of Roanoke colonists deserted the
island and disappeared.
No clues to their fate were left except the word
Croatoan carved on a gatepost.
(pages 7071)
Why do you think Roanoke Island was so

difficult to settle?
Possible answer: Weather conditions were
probably hard for living and for growing
crops. So the settlers were not able to get the
food and supplies they needed to survive.
(pages 7071)
Space Bar to display the answer.
Jamestown Settlement
In April 1607, settlers sent by the Virginia
Company in London entered Chesapeake Bay
and founded Jamestown.
They faced many hardships.
For example, they found no gold nor did they
establish the fish or fur trading expected of
them by the Virginia Company investors.
The number of colonists dwindled.
(pages 7173)
Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Captain John Smith arrived in 1608 to govern
the colonists.
The Virginia Company installed yet another
leader to govern them after Smith.
A harsh winter and more trouble continued to
plague the colonists.
(pages 7173)

When the colonists discovered how to grow
tobacco, the colony began to prosper.
Relations with the Native Americans living
nearby also improved when one of the
colonists, John Rolfe, married Pocahontas, the
daughter of Chief Powhatan.
(pages 7173)

The Virginia Company allowed a
representative government in which
ten towns in the colony each sent two
representatives, or burgesses, to an
assembly.
The assembly made local laws.
The House of Burgesses met for the first time
on July 30, 1619.
In 1619 ninety women were sent to Jamestown
so that families could form and the population
could increase.
(pages 7173)

In 1619 twenty Africans came to Jamestown.
They were sold to Virginia planters to work in
the tobacco fields.
They may have come as servants, not as
slaves.
(pages 7173)

Until 1640 some Africans were free and some
owned property.
In the years that followed, however, Africans
came as enslaved passengers or were sold as
slaves upon arrival.
Slavery became legal in the 1660s.
(pages 7173)

Because of the financial problems the Virginia
Company faced, King James of England
canceled its charter and made Jamestown
Englands first royal colony in America.
(pages 7173)
Why do you think slavery in Virginia was

made legal in the 1660s?
Possible answer: The lawmakers felt slavery
was not bad. Slavery provided workers for the
plantations that grew crops, which made
money for the colony.
(pages 7173)
Checking for Understanding

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the
left.
__
B 1. elected representatives to an
assembly
A. charter
__
A 2. a document that gives the holder
the right to organize settlements
in an area
C. joint-stock
company
__
C 3. a company in which investors
buy stock in the company in
return for a share of its future
profits

Space Bar to display the answers.
B. burgesses

Reviewing Facts Why did the Virginia
Company establish settlements in North
America?
Possible answer: Originally they wanted to

search for gold and trade in fish and furs.

Reviewing Themes
Economic Factors What economic activity
helped save the Jamestown settlement?
Growing tobacco helped save the Jamestown

settlement.

Critical Thinking
Making Inferences Why do you think the
king of England was willing to let a group of
merchants try to establish a colony in North
America?
The king wanted both the political power of
ruling overseas colonies and economic
rewards, without risking his nations resources
on the venture.

Analyzing Visuals
Geography Skills Study the map on page 72
of your textbook. What percentage of settlers in
Plymouth were children?
Thirty percent of settlers in Plymouth were

children.

Geography Create a poster that might have

attracted early colonists to the area where you
live. Focus on the location as well as natural
features in your area such as good farmland,
forests, waterways, and mineral resources.
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
Settlers begin to form the New England Colonies.
Key Terms
dissent
persecute
Puritan
Separatist
Pilgrim
Mayflower Compact
toleration


Reading Strategy
Classifying Information As you read Section 2, recreate the diagram shown on page 76 of your textbook
and explain why different colonies in New England
were settled.
Read to Learn
why the Pilgrims and the Puritans came to America.
how the Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New

Hampshire colonies began.


Section Theme
Civic Rights and Responsibilities Puritan and Pilgrim
colonists settled in America in search of religious
freedom.
Shoes, Plymouth Colony

Religious Freedom
There were two groups of Protestants in
England.
Those who wanted to reform the Anglican
Church were Puritans.
Those who wanted to leave and set up their
own church were Separatists.
(pages 7678)
Religious Freedom (cont.)

Some Separatists fled to the Netherlands for
religious freedom.
Some of these Separatists were given a
guarantee by the Virginia Company to be able to
practice their religion freely if they settled in
Virginia.
In return they had to share their profits with the
Virginia Company.
These people called themselves Pilgrims.
(pages 7678)

The Mayflower carried Pilgrims to settle the
Virginia colony.
They landed north, however, at Plymouth,
Massachusetts, due to the oncoming winter.
Plymouth was not part of the Virginia Company
territory and its laws did not apply.
So the Pilgrims drew up the Mayflower
Compact to provide laws to live by.
It was the beginning of a representative
government in America.
(pages 7678)

The Pilgrims received help from the Native
Americans in learning to plant crops and in
hunting and fishing.
Without them the Pilgrims may not have
survived.
(pages 7678)
How do you think the Pilgrims lives in

America compared to their lives in England?
Possible answer: In America Pilgrims gained
religious freedom, established a new
government, and learned to adapt to a new
environment. In England Pilgrims lived
under religious persecution, established laws,
and difficult economic conditions.
(pages 7678)
New Settlements
More hard times beset the Puritans in England.
In 1629 a group received a royal charter and

formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony located
north of Plymouth.
The group settled in Boston with John
Winthrop as their governor.
(pages 7880)
New Settlements (cont.)

During the Great Migration in the 1630s, more
than 15,000 Puritans came to Massachusetts to
escape religious persecution and economic
difficulties in England.
(pages 7880)

An elected group called the General Court ran
the colony.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony created a
colonial legislature when settlers wanted a
larger role in government.
All adult male church members who also
owned property could vote for their
representatives to the General Court.
(pages 7880)

Although the Puritans left England for religious
freedom in America, they criticized, or
persecuted, people who held religious beliefs
other than theirs.
This led to the formation of new colonies in
America.
Colonists began to settle along the fertile
Connecticut River valley in the 1630s.
(pages 7880)

In 1636 Thomas Hooker founded Hartford.
Three years later, Hartford and two

neighboring towns adopted the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut.
This was the first written constitution in
America.
(pages 7880)

Roger Williams, a minister, established
Rhode Island, where religious toleration
existed.
People of all faiths could worship as they
pleased.
In 1638 John Wheelwright founded the colony
of New Hampshire. It became independent of
Massachusetts in 1679.
(pages 7880)
Why were the Puritans so intolerant of

religious views other than their own?
Possible answer: Once in North America,
they expected everyone to think and believe
as they did and did not want to deal with
differing views.
(pages 7880)

left.
__
E 1. the acceptance of different
beliefs
A. dissent
B. persecute
__
B 2. to treat someone harshly
C. Pilgrims
because of that persons beliefs
D. Puritans
or practices
E. toleration
__
D 3. Protestants who, during the
1600s, wanted to reform the
Anglican Church
__
A 4. disagreement with or opposition
to an opinion
__
C 5. Separatists who journeyed to the
colonies during the 1600s for a
religious purpose

Reviewing Facts Identify the reasons why the
Separatists left Europe for the Americas.
The Separatists had difficulty finding work in the

Netherlands, and they were concerned that their
children would not follow the English way of
life.

Reviewing Themes
Civic Rights and Responsibilities What
freedom did Rhode Island offer that other
colonies did not?
Rhode Island offered religious freedom.

Critical Thinking
Comparing What did the Mayflower Compact
and the Fundamental Orders
of Connecticut have in common?
Both documents provided for the organization of

a government.

Analyzing Visuals
Geography Skills Study the map on page 77
of your textbook. What products came from
New Hampshire?
Furs, rum, and lumber came from New

Hampshire.

Music Create a song that the Pilgrims might have

sung as they crossed the Atlantic on the Mayflower.
Create the lyrics for the song by using what you
have learned about why the Pilgrims sailed to New
England. Teach your song to your class.
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
People from many different countries settled in the
Middle Colonies for a variety of reasons, including
religious freedom.
Key Terms
patroon
proprietary colony
pacifist


Reading Strategy
Classifying Information As you read this section, recreate the diagram shown on page 82 of your textbook
and describe how the Middle Colonies were founded.
Read to Learn
why the Middle Colonies had the most diverse
populations in colonial America.
who was Americas first town planner.


Section Theme
Individual Action Leaders such as Peter Stuyvesant
and William Penn helped the Middle Colonies grow.
English royal plate

England and the Colonies

In 1660 England had two groups of colonies:
- The New England colonies were run by private
corporations under a royal charter. They were
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and
Rhode Island.
- The royal colonies were run by England. They were
Maryland and Virginia.
England wanted to gain control of the Dutchcontrolled land in between these two groups of
colonies because of its harbor and river trade.
(pages 8284)
England and the Colonies (cont.)

The Dutch colony was New Netherland.
Its main settlement of New Amsterdam on
Manhattan Island was a center of shipping to
and from the Americas.
The Dutch West India Company gave new
settlers who brought at least 50 settlers with
them a large estate.
These landowners gained riverfront estates
and ruled like kings. They were called
patroons.
(pages 8284)

In 1644 the English sent a fleet to attack New
Amsterdam.
The governor of New Amsterdam, Peter
Stuyvesant, was unprepared for a battle, so he
surrendered the colony.
(pages 8284)

The Duke of York gained control of the colony
and named it New York.
He promised the colonists freedom of religion
and allowed them to hold on to their land.
The population of New York grew to about
8,000 in 1664.
New Amsterdam, now called New York City,
became one of the fastest-growing locations in
the colony.
(pages 8284)

The southern part of New York between the
Hudson and the Delaware Rivers became New
Jersey.
Its inhabitants were diverse in ethnicity and
religion, like those from New York.
Without a major port or city, however, it did
not make the money the landowners expected.
By 1702 New Jersey became a royal colony,

yet it continued to make local laws.
(pages 8284)
How did owning a large estate play such an

important role in the settlement of New York?
People were encouraged to come to the
colony with a large group of people to
become landowners. In turn, owning land
gave them wealth, power, and prestige.
(pages 8284)
Pennsylvania
William Penn received a large tract of land in
America from the king as a repayment of a
debt. The colony was Pennsylvania.
Penn, a Quaker, saw Pennsylvania as a chance
to put the Quaker ideas of tolerance and
equality into practice.
He designed the city of Philadelphia and wrote
the first constitution.
(page 84)
Pennsylvania (cont.)
To encourage settlers to Pennsylvania, he
advertised the colony throughout Europe in
several languages.
By 1683 more than 3,000 English, Welsh,
Irish, Dutch, and German people settled there.
(page 84)
In 1701 Penn granted the colonists the right to
elect representatives to a legislative assembly.
In 1704 Three Lower Counties formed their

own legislature and became the colony of
Delaware.
The counties functioned as a separate colony
known as Delaware, and were supervised by
Pennsylvanias governor.
(page 84)
Why was religious toleration and equality

important to the settlers of Pennsylvania?
They were Quakers and believed in these
ideals.
(page 84)

left.
__
A 1. landowner in the Dutch
colonies who ruled like a king
over large areas of land
__
C 2. person opposed to the use of
war or violence to settle
disputes
__
B 3. colony run by individuals or
groups to whom land was
granted

A. patroon
B. proprietary colony
C. pacifist

Reviewing Facts What did the Charter of
Liberties grant to Pennsylvania colonists?
It gave them the right to elect representatives to

the legislative assembly.

Reviewing Themes
Individual Action How did William Penn earn
the respect of Native Americans?
He honored their claim to the land and believed

settlers should pay for it.

Critical Thinking
Compare and Contrast How was the Quaker
religion different from that of the Puritans?
Quakers had no formal church services or

church officials, were tolerant of other
religions, believed all people were equal, and
were pacifists.

Analyzing Visuals
Geography Skills Review the map on page 83
of your textbook. What is the title of the map?
What items are shown in the key? What
products were important to Pennsylvania?
The title of the map is the Middle Colonies.
Grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, and iron are
shown in the key. Pennsylvanias important
products were grain, cattle, lumber, rum, and
iron.

Art Design a flag for one of the Middle Colonies.

Decide what symbols and colors would be appropriate
to represent that colony. Display your flags in class.
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
The Southern Colonies relied on cash crops to
survive, while the French and Spanish tried to
establish their own settlements.
Key Terms
indentured servant
constitution
debtor
tenant farmer
mission


Reading Strategy
Classifying Information As you read this section, recreate the diagram shown on page 86 of your textbook
and identify the main crops of three of the Southern
Colonies.
Read to Learn
how the Southern Colonies were established.
how French and Spanish colonies differed from the
English colonies.


Section Theme
Groups and Institutions Spanish and French
settlements developed in different ways from English
settlements.
Slave drum, Virginia

Coming to America
The colonies needed people to grow and
prosper.
Settlers came voluntarily. Others came
because they were:
- criminals or prisoners of war from England and
Scotland and could earn their release if they worked
for a period of time (seven years).
- seized and brought as slaves from Africa.
- indentured servants who worked without pay for a
certain period of time in exchange for their passage.
(pages 8688)
Coming to America (cont.)

Maryland became a proprietary colony in 1632.
King Charles I gave Sir George Calvert, called

Lord Baltimore, a colony north of Virginia.
Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a safe
place for Catholics, and he also hoped that the
colony would make him rich.
(pages 8688)

Maryland tobacco farmers also produced
wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock so that
they would not be dependent upon one cash
crop.
Wealthy landowners became powerful.
As plantations grew in number, indentured
servants and enslaved Africans were used to
work the plantations.
(pages 8688)

Baltimore became the largest settlement,
founded in 1729.
Because the boundary between Maryland and
Pennsylvania was disputed, the British
astronomers Mason and Dixon were hired to
resolve the issue and establish a boundary.
(pages 8688)

A conflict between Catholics and Protestants,
who outnumbered them, resulted in the passage
of the Act of Toleration in 1649.
It stated that both groups had the right to
worship freely.
In 1692, the Protestant-controlled assembly
made the Anglican Church the official Church
in Maryland, and imposed the same
restrictions on Catholics that existed in
England.
(pages 8688)
Think about what life was like as a wealthy

plantation owner, as an indentured servant, or as
an enslaved African. Describe what you would
have liked or disliked about belonging to one of
these groups.
(pages 8688)
Virginia Expands
As Virginia grew, settlers moved inland
to open up the backcountry.
Native Americans lived on these lands.
The governor, Sir William Berkeley, worked
out an arrangement in 1644 that kept settlers
from moving farther into Native American
land.
The settlers received a large piece of land, and
conflicts were diminished.
(pages 8889)
Virginia Expands (cont.)

Many Virginia westerners resented Berkeleys
pledge to the Native Americans and settled in
the lands anyway.
As a result, Native Americans raided these
settlements.
(pages 8889)

Nathaniel Bacon opposed colonial government
because it was made of easterners.
He led attacks on Native American villages,
set fire to the capital, marched into
Jamestown, and drove Berkeley into exile.
England summoned Berkeley and sent troops
to restore order.
(pages 8889)
Why did Native Americans sign a treaty with

the colonial government in 1677 to open up
more land?
They were probably not given any choice and
there was still land for them to live on.
Perhaps they hoped all people could live
together peacefully, so they gave up a piece of
their land under the terms of the treaty.
(pages 8889)
Settling the Carolinas

King Charles II founded the colony of
Carolina. The proprietors took large estates for
themselves and hoped to sell and rent land to
new settlers.
In 1670 English settlers arrived, and by 1680
they founded Charleston.
The English philosopher John Locke wrote
their constitution.
(pages 8990)
Settling the Carolinas (cont.)

Northern Carolina was settled by small
farmers.
Because this northern region did not have a
good harbor, settlers relied on Virginias ports.
Southern Carolina was more prosperous due to

the fertile farmland and its harbor city, Charles
Town.
Rice became the leading crop, and indigo, a
blue flowering plant, became the blue gold
of Carolina.
(pages 8990)

Most of the settlers of southern Carolina came
from the English colony of Barbados in the
West Indies.
They brought with them enslaved Africans to
work in the rice fields.
Because so much labor was needed to grow
rice, the demand for slaves increased.
By 1708 more than half of southern Carolinas
new settlers were enslaved Africans.
(pages 8990)

Carolinas settlers were angry at the
proprietors. They wanted a greater role
in the colonys government.
In 1719 the settlers in southern Carolina seized
control from its proprietors.
Carolina was formally divided into two
coloniesNorth Carolina and South Carolinain
1729.
(pages 8990)
Why did many of the settlers to southern Carolina come

from the West Indian island of Barbados?
Barbados was an English colony. Enslaved Africans were
brought there as part of the Columbian Exchange. These
enslaved Africans had worked on large sugar plantations in
Barbados. Their experience would be helpful as they worked
on the plantations of southern Carolina, which ultimately
helped the economy of the colony grow. Because they were
enslaved people, they had no freedom to choose where they
were to live.
(pages 8990)
Georgia
James Oglethorpe founded the colony of
Georgia in 1733.
It was the last British colony to be founded in
the Americas.
Great Britain created Georgia for several
reasons:
- as a place where British debtors and poor people
could make a fresh start
- as a military barrier to protect the other British
colonies from Spain due to its location between
Spanish Florida and South Carolina
(pages 9092)
Georgia (cont.)
Georgia did receive poor people but few
debtors.
Religious refugees also settled there.
The town of Savannah was created in 1733.
(pages 9092)
Georgia (cont.)
Oglethorpe banned slavery, Catholics, and rum
in the colony and limited the size of farms.
As settlers came, they objected to the laws, so
he lifted all the bans except on slavery.
In 1751, he turned the colony back to the king.
(pages 9092)
Georgia (cont.)
Because Georgia was the last colony to be

settled by the British, did it suffer in any way
or was it as stable or organized as the other
colonies?
Possible answer: Georgia probably was at a
disadvantage because of Oglethorpes laws and
the settlers objections. Remember the colony
eventually became a royal colony. On the other
hand, it had the experience from other colonies
(pages 9092)
to draw on.
New France
The French settlement in the Americas grew
slowly.
The French were interested mainly in the
fishing and fur trade at first.
Their settlement called New France became a
royal colony in 1663.
(page 92)
New France (cont.)

They had settlements in two regions:
- North in Quebec and along the St. Lawrence River.
They consisted mostly of forts, trading posts, and
later large estates.
- South along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of
Mexico.
- La Salle claimed the region called Louisiana for
France.
- In 1718 the port city of New Orleans was founded.
(page 92)
New France (cont.)

The French, years later, did send explorers,
traders, and missionaries farther west to the
Rocky Mountains and southwest to the Rio
Grande.
(page 92)
New France (cont.)

The French respected the ways of the Native
Americans, so they had better relations with
them than did other Europeans.
The fur trappers traveled far into Native
American territory, so they needed to learn to
live among the Native Americans.
These trappers did not push the Native
Americans off their land.
The missionaries did not try to change their
customs.
(page 92)
New France (cont.)
Why were the French less interested than the

British in colonizing the Americas?
They wanted the money gained from fishing
and fur trading because it was profitable.
They were not looking to set up colonies
abroad because that took time, money, and
responsibility. They were not in a race for
land across the ocean.
(page 92)
New Spain
Spain had a large empire in Mexico, the
Caribbean, Central America, and South
America called New Spain.
To keep control and protect its claims, Spain
sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers north
of this region into:
- present-day New Mexico, where Santa Fe was
founded in late 1609 or early 1610
- Arizona in the late 1600s
- the region that is now Texas in the early 1700s,
establishing San Antonio and other military posts
- California
(pages 9293)
New Spain (cont.)

In California Spanish priests built missions to
convert people to Catholicism.
In 1769 Junpero Serra founded a mission at
San Diego.
Many more missions that eventually became
large cities were established along El Camino
Real.
(pages 9293)
New Spain (cont.)

Rivalries in Europe between Great Britain and
Spain often resulted in fighting between the
British and Spanish colonies in America.
Wars between the British and French in
Europe also greatly affected their lands in the
Americas.
(pages 9293)
New Spain (cont.)
Do you think the Spanish were any kinder to

the Native Americans than the British were?
Possible answer: Perhaps they were not, but
they did not try to usurp their land
immediately. They did take the Native
Americans as laborers, but did not make them
slaves.
(pages 9293)

left.
__
A 1. laborer who agreed to work
without pay for a certain
period of time in exchange for
passage to America
A. indentured servant
__
D 2. farmer who works land owned
by another and pays rent either
in cash or crops
D. tenant farmer
__
E 3. religious settlement
__
C 4. person or country that owes
money
__
B 5. a formal plan of government
B. constitution
C. debtor
E. mission

Reviewing Facts Explain why French
settlement in North America was slower
than in the English colonies.
The French concentrated on fishing and trading

furs, not settlement.

Reviewing Themes
Groups and Institutions What role did
Margaret Brent play in the government and
economy of Maryland?
Brent was a political adviser and landowner in

Maryland.

Critical Thinking
Analyzing Information Do you think uprisings
such as Bacons Rebellion were a sign of more
unrest to come? Explain your answer.
Possible answer: A desire for land and

representative government would be likely to
continue to cause unrest.

Analyzing Visuals
Geography Skills Review the map on page 87
of your textbook. Which of the Southern
Colonies included the city of Norfolk? What
were the main products in Georgia? What was
the major city in South Carolina?
The city of Norfolk is in Virginia. The main
products of Georgia were rice and indigo. The
major city in South Carolina was Charles Town.

Art Work with a group to create a bulletin board

display titled The Southern Colonies. Include
slogans and pictures to show the colonies origins,
climate, natural resources, and products.

left.
__
F 1. colony run by individuals or
groups to whom land was
granted
__
B 2. a company in which investors
buy stock in the company in
return for a share of its future
profits
A. charter
B. joint-stock company
C. dissent
D. persecute
E. patroon
F.
proprietary colony
G. indentured servant
__
I 3. Separatists who journeyed to the
colonies during the 1600s for a H. debtor
religious purpose
I. Pilgrims
J.
__
D 4. to treat someone harshly
because of that persons beliefs
or practices
Mayflower Compact

left.
__
J 5. a formal document, written in
1620, that provided law and
order to the Plymouth colony
__
A 6. a document that gives the
holder the right to organize
settlements in an area
__
C 7. disagreement with or
opposition to an opinion
__
H 8. person or country that owes
money
__
E 9. landowner in the Dutch
colonies who ruled like a king
over large areas of land
A. charter
C. dissent
D. persecute
E. patroon
F.
proprietary colony
H. debtor
I.
Pilgrims
J.
Mayflower Compact

left.
__
G 10. laborer who agreed to work
without pay for a certain
period of time in exchange for
passage to America
A. charter
C. dissent
D. persecute
E. patroon
F.
proprietary colony
H. debtor

I.
Pilgrims
J.
Mayflower Compact
Reviewing Key Facts

Why did settlers choose a peninsula on which to
build Jamestown?
A peninsula would be easy to defend from

attack.

Reviewing Key Facts

How did the Native Americans help the Pilgrims?
Native Americans showed the Pilgrims how to

grow corn, beans, and pumpkins, and where to
hunt and fish.

Reviewing Key Facts

Why was there a high demand for slave labor in
the Carolinas?
Labor-intensive crops were grown in the

Carolinas.

Reviewing Key Facts

Describe the relationship between the French and
the Native Americans.
The French respected Native Americans. They

did not take their lands, but lived and traded
with them.

Reviewing Key Facts

Why did Spain send missionaries to the Pacific
coast and the Southwest?
Spain sent missionaries to convert Native

Americans to Christianity and to claim land for
Spain.

Critical Thinking
Comparing How did the economic activities of
the French differ from those of the English in
North America?
The French were mostly fishers, trappers, and

traders. In addition to those activities, the
English grew a variety of crops, raised animals,
mined, harvested lumber, and built large
settlements that gave rise to trade and
industries.

Critical Thinking
Analyzing Themes: Civic Rights and
Responsibilities What role did religious
freedom play in the founding of Rhode Island
and Pennsylvania?
Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams
after Puritans banished him from Massachusetts
for his belief that government should be separate
from religion. Pennsylvania was founded by
William Penn to provide a haven for those who
were persecuted in England.

Geography and History Activity

Study the map below and answer the questions on the following
slides.

Location Which
colonies had the
largest areas of
settlement before
1660?
Massachusetts and
Virginia had the
largest areas of
settlement.


Place During
what time period
was Boston
settled?
Boston was settled
before 1660.

Standardized Test Practice

Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.
Which colony was founded to put Quaker ideas into practice?
A
Plymouth
Virginia
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Test-Taking Tip As you read the stem of each multiple-choice

question, try to anticipate the answer before you look at the
choices. If your answer is one of the choices, it is probably correct.
How did the lack of religious toleration create

new settlements?
Thomas Hooker and Roger Williams founded

Connecticut and Rhode Island as a result of the
lack of toleration of religious beliefs.

Explore online information about the topics introduced

in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your
browser and go to The American Republic to
1877 Web site. At this site, you will find
interactive activities, current events
information, and Web sites correlated with the
chapters and units in the textbook. When you
finish exploring, exit the browser program to
return to this presentation. If you experience
difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually
launch your Web browser and go to
http://tarvol1.glencoe.com
Geography The coast of North Carolina is protected by

long, narrow barrier islands. As one observer remarked,
The coast of North Carolina looks as if it was just
coming unglued, with strips of land floating out to sea.
These sandy islands shift and change when storms
batter the coast. As a result, some of the bridges and
roads built over the years have been rendered useless.
Colonial Commerce
Goods
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
Much colonial commerce took place without currency.

Traders often relied on barter or money substitutes such
as beaver skins.
In 1770 about 62,000 tons of goods passed through South

Carolinas harbors. Today Charleston alone handles about
9 million tons of goods yearly.
James Oglethorpe In 1734 James Oglethorpe returned

to England with a group of Creek, among them his friend
Chief Tomo-Chi-Chi. The Creek, who were formally
received by the king and the Archbishop of Canterbury,
created a huge sensation in London. Crowds followed
them everywhere, even rioting in an attempt to catch a
glimpse of the party. On their return, the group praised
England so highly that both the Creek and the Cherokee
made pacts of friendship with the Georgia colony.
Reading a Bar Graph

Why Learn This Skill?
A bar graph presents numerical information in a visual
way. Bars of various lengths stand for different quantities.
A bar graph lets you see a lot of information in an
organized way. Bars may be drawn verticallyup and
downor horizontallyleft to right. Labels along the left
axis and the bottom axis explain what the bars represent.
This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook.

Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.
Reading a Bar Graph

Learning the Skill
To read a bar graph:
Read the title to learn the subject of the graph.
Look at the horizontal and vertical axes to find out what
information the graph presents.
Compare the lengths of the bars on the graph.
This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook. Click the

mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Reading a Bar Graph

Practicing the Skill
Study the bar graph on the
right and answer the
following questions.
This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook.
Reading a Bar Graph

Practicing the Skill
1. Which colony had the largest total population in 1700? The
smallest?
Virginia had the largest total population in 1700.
Pennsylvania had the smallest.
2. Did Virginia or Maryland have a larger African American
population?
Virginia had a larger African American population than
Maryland.
This feature can be found on page 81 of your textbook. Click the
mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
The Lost Colony

Objectives
After viewing The Lost Colony, you should:
Know that Roanoke was intended to be the first English colony in the New
World.
Empathize with the distress of the
inhabitants of Roanoke Island about
the possibility that supply ships from
England might not return.
Understand that Queen Elizabeths
decision about whether to send
ships to Roanoke was linked with
her fear of weakening England
during the coming battle with Spain.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click in the window
above to view a preview of The American Republic to 1877 video.
The Lost Colony

Discussion Question
Why were 117 people sent from England to
present-day Roanoke Island, North Carolina?
They planned to establish the first English
colony in the New World.

The Lost Colony

Discussion Question
During her discussion with Walter Raleigh and
John White, Queen Elizabeth received a message.
What did it say? How did it affect her answer to
Whites request?
The message said the Spanish Armada was set
to sail against the English fleet. That meant that
all supplies would need to be dedicated to the
effort to defeat Spain.
No one knows for sure, but lack of food, severe weather, or disease may
have destroyed the colony.



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Presentation Plus!

The American Republic To 1877

Early English Settlements

New England Colonies

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

Click the Speaker button

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The Impact Today

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Guide to Reading (cont.)

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Guide to Reading (cont.)

English soldiers helmet, Jamestown

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England in America (cont.)

England in America (cont.)

England in America (cont.)

Why do you think Roanoke Island was so

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

Why do you think slavery in Virginia was

Checking for Understanding

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Checking for Understanding

Possible answer: Originally they wanted to

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Growing tobacco helped save the Jamestown

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Thirty percent of settlers in Plymouth were

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Geography Create a poster that might have

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Guide to Reading (cont.)

how the Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New

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Guide to Reading (cont.)

Shoes, Plymouth Colony

Click the Speaker button

Religious Freedom (cont.)

Religious Freedom (cont.)

Religious Freedom (cont.)

Religious Freedom (cont.)

How do you think the Pilgrims lives in

In 1629 a group received a royal charter and

New Settlements (cont.)

New Settlements (cont.)

New Settlements (cont.)

New Settlements (cont.)

Three years later, Hartford and two

New Settlements (cont.)

New Settlements (cont.)

Why were the Puritans so intolerant of